The nurse has given nutritional instructions to a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has recurrent diarrhea. Which statement by the patient requires further instructions?

" I should avoid bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods"

" I should eat BRAT det such as bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast"

" I should avoid foods high in calories and proteins"

"I should stop smoking and keep myself hydrated. "

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "I should avoid bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods": This statement demonstrates an understanding of dietary modifications to help manage recurrent diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Avoiding bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods can help reduce gastrointestinal distress and improve symptoms.

B. "I should eat BRAT diet such as bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast": The BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast) is a bland diet often recommended for individuals with diarrhea because it is easy to digest and can help firm up stools. This statement indicates appropriate understanding of dietary recommendations for managing diarrhea.

C. "I should avoid foods high in calories and proteins": This statement is incorrect and requires further clarification. Individuals with AIDS, especially those experiencing recurrent diarrhea, often have increased nutritional needs due to malabsorption, increased metabolism, and the body's increased energy requirements to fight infection. Avoiding foods high in calories and proteins can lead to malnutrition and worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, this statement requires correction.

D. "I should stop smoking and keep myself hydrated": This statement is appropriate and indicates understanding of important lifestyle modifications to manage diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Smoking cessation can improve overall health, while staying hydrated is essential to prevent dehydration associated with diarrhea.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "I will take this medication at the same time each day": This statement demonstrates an understanding of the importance of consistency in medication administration, which is essential for maintaining therapeutic levels of warfarin in the bloodstream. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.
B. "I will add a green leafy salad to my dinner today": This statement is concerning because warfarin interacts with vitamin K, which is abundant in green leafy vegetables. Increasing intake of vitamin K-rich foods, such as green leafy salads, can interfere with the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, potentially leading to ineffective treatment. The patient should be educated to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-containing foods to avoid fluctuations in warfarin effectiveness.
C. "I will avoid alcohol when I am taking warfarin": This statement demonstrates an understanding of the potential interactions between alcohol and warfarin. Alcohol can increase the risk of bleeding in individuals taking warfarin, so it is advisable to limit or avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.
D. "I will use an electronic shaver and a soft toothbrush": This statement reflects the patient's understanding of the precautions to minimize the risk of bleeding while taking warfarin. Using an electronic shaver and a soft toothbrush helps reduce the risk of cuts or injuries that could lead to bleeding, especially in individuals whose blood clotting ability may be compromised by warfarin therapy. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.

A. A renal ultrasound B. A cardiac stress test C. A manual blood pressure cuff D. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Answer: D

Rationale:

A) A renal ultrasound: A renal ultrasound is not typically used to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension. While renal artery stenosis can contribute to hypertension in some cases, it is not the primary diagnostic test for hypertension.

B) A cardiac stress test: A cardiac stress test is not used to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension. It is primarily used to assess cardiovascular function and detect coronary artery disease or cardiac arrhythmias.

C) A manual blood pressure cuff: While manual blood pressure measurements can provide accurate readings, they are subject to potential inaccuracies due to factors such as observer bias and white coat syndrome. Therefore, they may not be the most reliable method for confirming a diagnosis of hypertension.

D) Ambulatory blood pressure measurement: Ambulatory blood pressure measurement involves obtaining multiple blood pressure readings over a 24-hour period using a portable monitor. It is considered the gold standard for diagnosing hypertension, as it provides a more comprehensive assessment of blood pressure variability and reduces the impact of white coat syndrome. Therefore, it is the preferred diagnostic test in this scenario to confirm whether the patient has hypertension outside of the clinical setting.

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The nurse has given nutritional instructions to a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has recurrent diarrhea. Which statement by the patient requires further instructions?

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