The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to differentiate between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The patient demonstrates understanding of hypoglycemia by stating they will check their blood glucose when experiencing which of the following symptoms?

Fruity-smelling breath

Sweating and nervousness

Nausea and vomiting

Increased thirst and urination

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Fruity-smelling breath is a symptom of ketoacidosis, not hypoglycemia. Ketoacidosis occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones due to a lack of insulin, leading to metabolic acidosis.

Choice B reason: Sweating and nervousness are common symptoms of hypoglycemia. Low blood glucose levels trigger the release of adrenaline, which causes these symptoms. Patients should check their blood glucose when experiencing these signs to prevent severe hypoglycemia.

Choice C reason: Nausea and vomiting are more associated with ketoacidosis. High blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones can cause gastrointestinal upset.

Choice D reason: Increased thirst and urination are also symptoms of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. These symptoms result from the body's attempt to eliminate excess glucose and ketones through urine.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Kussmaul breathing is a deep, labored breathing pattern that is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Choice B reason: Abdominal pain is a common symptom in diabetic ketoacidosis due to the metabolic disturbances and dehydration.

Choice C reason: A positive Trousseau sign is associated with hypocalcemia and is not a common manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Choice D reason: Decreased heart rate is not typical in diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, patients might present with an increased heart rate due to dehydration and acidosis.

Choice E reason: Confusion is a symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis due to the effects of severe hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis on the brain.

A. Administer lipid injectable emulsion with TPN every day based on albumin results. B. Disconnect IV tubing and add regular insulin to TPN bag based on the sliding scale results. C. Maintain aseptic technique when changing tubing or parenteral nutrition bag. D. Administer dextrose infusion through a separate tubing three hours before discontinuing TPN.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administering lipid injectable emulsion with TPN every day based on albumin results is not the priority intervention. While lipid emulsions may be part of TPN, the focus should be on maintaining aseptic technique to prevent infection.

Choice B reason: Disconnecting IV tubing and adding regular insulin to the TPN bag based on sliding scale results is not appropriate. Insulin should be administered separately, and aseptic technique must be maintained to prevent contamination.

Choice C reason: Maintaining aseptic technique when changing tubing or the parenteral nutrition bag is crucial for preventing infection. Patients receiving TPN through a central venous access device are at high risk for infections, and strict aseptic technique is essential.

Choice D reason: Administering dextrose infusion through separate tubing three hours before discontinuing TPN is not a standard practice. The focus should be on proper administration and infection control practices.

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The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to differentiate between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The patient demonstrates understanding of hypoglycemia by stating they will check their blood glucose when experiencing which of the following symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What clinical manifestations will the nurse anticipate the patient to present? (Select All That Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is providing care to a patient admitted with an exacerbation of Crohn's disease and a history of diabetes. The patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a central venous access device. Which intervention will the nurse implement while caring for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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