The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to differentiate between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The patient demonstrates understanding of hypoglycemia by stating they will check their blood glucose when experiencing which of the following symptoms?
Fruity-smelling breath
Sweating and nervousness
Nausea and vomiting
Increased thirst and urination
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Fruity-smelling breath is a symptom of ketoacidosis, not hypoglycemia. Ketoacidosis occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones due to a lack of insulin, leading to metabolic acidosis.
Choice B reason: Sweating and nervousness are common symptoms of hypoglycemia. Low blood glucose levels trigger the release of adrenaline, which causes these symptoms. Patients should check their blood glucose when experiencing these signs to prevent severe hypoglycemia.
Choice C reason: Nausea and vomiting are more associated with ketoacidosis. High blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones can cause gastrointestinal upset.
Choice D reason: Increased thirst and urination are also symptoms of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. These symptoms result from the body's attempt to eliminate excess glucose and ketones through urine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Always using a low flow device such as a nasal cannula or simple face mask is not necessarily appropriate for all patients. The choice of device should be based on the patient's oxygen needs and clinical status.
Choice B reason: Correcting the PaO2 to a normal level as quickly as possible using mechanical ventilation is not appropriate in most cases. Rapid correction of oxygen levels can lead to complications such as oxygen toxicity. Mechanical ventilation is used in severe cases but is not the first line of treatment for most patients.
Choice C reason: Using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to maintain PaCO2 greater than 50 mmHg is incorrect. CPAP is used to maintain open airways and improve oxygenation but is not used to target specific PaCO2 levels.
Choice D reason: Increasing the PaO2 to an acceptable level at the lowest oxygen concentration possible is the most appropriate guideline. This approach aims to correct hypoxemia without causing oxygen toxicity. The goal is to achieve adequate oxygenation while minimizing the risk of adverse effects from high oxygen concentrations.
Correct Answer is K
Explanation
Choice A reason: Atenolol 25 mg oral tablet with breakfast is a common beta-blocker used to manage heart conditions, but it does not indicate an immediate priority.
Choice B reason: Captopril 25 mg three times a day is an ACE inhibitor used to manage blood pressure and heart failure but is not an immediate priority unless there are contraindications.
Choice C reason: Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg twice a day is a diuretic used to manage fluid retention and blood pressure. While important, it is not the immediate priority unless there are contraindications.
Choice D reason: Aspirin 81 mg tablet every day is a common medication for preventing blood clots but is not an immediate priority unless there are contraindications or interactions.
Choice E reason: Digoxin 0.125 mg every other day is used to manage heart conditions but is not the immediate priority unless there are contraindications or interactions.
Choice F reason: Furosemide 20 mg at bedtime is a diuretic used to manage fluid retention and blood pressure. While important, it is not the immediate priority unless there are contraindications.
Choice G reason: Multivitamin one tablet daily is a common supplement and is not the immediate priority.
Choice H reason: Some doses of medication are missing, which needs to be addressed, but it is not the immediate priority.
Choice I reason: Some routes of medications are missing, which needs to be addressed, but it is not the immediate priority.
Choice J reason: Some medications are duplicated, which is important but not the immediate priority unless it poses a risk to the patient.
Choice K reason: The medications have drug-drug interactions is the priority for the nurse to address. Drug-drug interactions can lead to adverse effects and complications, especially in a patient with multiple conditions such as heart failure, asthma, and kidney disease. Ensuring that medications are safe and do not interact negatively is crucial for patient safety.
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