The nurse is teaching a patient with sickle cell disease about strategies to prevent sickle cell crisis. The patient states, "I do not want to come to the hospital with another sickle cell crisis." What will the nurse include in this teaching? (Select All That Apply)

Receive pneumococcal and influenza vaccines.

Take oral hydroxyurea as ordered.

Avoid becoming dehydrated.

Follow a low-fat, low-sodium diet.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A reason: Receiving pneumococcal and influenza vaccines is crucial for patients with sickle cell disease. Infections can trigger sickle cell crises, and these vaccines help prevent common infections that could lead to complications. Ensuring immunization against these diseases reduces the risk of crisis and hospitalization.

Choice B reason: Taking oral hydroxyurea as ordered is an important strategy for preventing sickle cell crises. Hydroxyurea increases fetal hemoglobin levels, which reduces the occurrence of sickling in red blood cells. Adherence to this medication regimen helps reduce the frequency of painful episodes and other complications associated with sickle cell disease.

Choice C reason: Avoiding dehydration is essential for patients with sickle cell disease. Dehydration can lead to increased blood viscosity, promoting sickling of red blood cells and triggering a crisis. Staying well-hydrated helps maintain proper blood flow and reduces the risk of sickle cell-related complications.

Choice D reason: Following a low-fat, low-sodium diet is generally beneficial for overall health but is not specifically targeted at preventing sickle cell crises. While maintaining a healthy diet is important, the focus for sickle cell patients should be on hydration, infection prevention, and medication adherence.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Weighing the patient using a bed scale and restricting oral fluids are important interventions for managing fluid balance in heart failure, but they are not the immediate priority. Assessing the respiratory status takes precedence to ensure the patient is not in respiratory distress.

Choice B reason: Obtaining pulse oximetry levels and assessing the respiratory status are priority actions. Dyspnea on exertion and fatigue indicate potential respiratory compromise, and it is crucial to evaluate oxygenation and respiratory function immediately.

Choice C reason: Elevating the lower extremity on two pillows while the patient is in bed can help reduce edema but is not the immediate priority. Respiratory assessment and stabilization take precedence.

Choice D reason: Obtaining a Physical Therapy consultation to evaluate activity tolerance is beneficial for long-term management but is not an immediate priority in acute care. The focus should be on assessing and stabilizing the patient's respiratory and cardiac status.

A. pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 B. pH 7.41, PaCO2 45, HCO3 29 C. pH 7.31, PaCO2 34, HCO3 18 D. pH 7.25, PaCO2 59, HCO3 30

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The lab results pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 indicate respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), resulting in an increase in pH (alkaline). This is consistent with pulmonary edema and hyperventilation due to heart failure.

Choice B reason: The lab results pH 7.41, PaCO2 45, HCO3 29 indicate a normal pH with compensated metabolic alkalosis. This is not consistent with hyperventilation in pulmonary edema.

Choice C reason: The lab results pH 7.31, PaCO2 34, HCO3 18 indicate metabolic acidosis with partial compensation. This is not typical for a patient with hyperventilation and pulmonary edema.

Choice D reason: The lab results pH 7.25, PaCO2 59, HCO3 30 indicate respiratory acidosis with partial compensation. This would be consistent with hypoventilation rather than hyperventilation.

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The nurse is teaching a patient with sickle cell disease about strategies to prevent sickle cell crisis. The patient states, "I do not want to come to the hospital with another sickle cell crisis." What will the nurse include in this teaching? (Select All That Apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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