The nurse is teaching a patient with sickle cell disease about strategies to prevent sickle cell crisis. The patient states, "I do not want to come to the hospital with another sickle cell crisis." What will the nurse include in this teaching? (Select All That Apply)

Receive pneumococcal and influenza vaccines.

Take oral hydroxyurea as ordered.

Avoid becoming dehydrated.

Follow a low-fat, low-sodium diet.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A reason: Receiving pneumococcal and influenza vaccines is crucial for patients with sickle cell disease. Infections can trigger sickle cell crises, and these vaccines help prevent common infections that could lead to complications. Ensuring immunization against these diseases reduces the risk of crisis and hospitalization.

Choice B reason: Taking oral hydroxyurea as ordered is an important strategy for preventing sickle cell crises. Hydroxyurea increases fetal hemoglobin levels, which reduces the occurrence of sickling in red blood cells. Adherence to this medication regimen helps reduce the frequency of painful episodes and other complications associated with sickle cell disease.

Choice C reason: Avoiding dehydration is essential for patients with sickle cell disease. Dehydration can lead to increased blood viscosity, promoting sickling of red blood cells and triggering a crisis. Staying well-hydrated helps maintain proper blood flow and reduces the risk of sickle cell-related complications.

Choice D reason: Following a low-fat, low-sodium diet is generally beneficial for overall health but is not specifically targeted at preventing sickle cell crises. While maintaining a healthy diet is important, the focus for sickle cell patients should be on hydration, infection prevention, and medication adherence.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Candidiasis, or oral thrush, is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids like budesonide. Patients should be educated on the importance of rinsing their mouth after using the inhaler to reduce the risk of this fungal infection.

Choice B reason: Dysphonia, or hoarseness, is another potential side effect of budesonide inhalers. This occurs due to the medication's effect on the vocal cords and can be minimized by using a spacer and rinsing the mouth after inhalation.

Choice C reason: Weight loss is not a common side effect of inhaled budesonide. Inhaled corticosteroids typically do not affect body weight in the same way that systemic corticosteroids might.

Choice D reason: Headache is a potential side effect of budesonide inhalers. Patients should be informed about this possibility and advised to manage headaches with appropriate over-the-counter medications if needed.

A. Normal blood pressure, deep respirations B. Increased alertness, normal heart rhythm C. High urine specific gravity, normal temperature D. Blood glucose of 250 mg/dL, disorientation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Normal blood pressure and deep respirations do not necessarily indicate that hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is resolving. Deep respirations, also known as Kussmaul respirations, can occur in response to severe hyperglycemia.

Choice B reason: Increased alertness and a normal heart rhythm suggest that the patient's neurological status and cardiovascular system are stabilizing, which are positive indicators that the treatment is effective in managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.

Choice C reason: High urine specific gravity and normal temperature do not directly indicate the effectiveness of treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. High urine specific gravity can result from dehydration.

Choice D reason: A blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL with disorientation still indicates poorly controlled hyperglycemia and ongoing metabolic disturbance, which means the treatment is not yet effective.

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The nurse is teaching a patient with sickle cell disease about strategies to prevent sickle cell crisis. The patient states, "I do not want to come to the hospital with another sickle cell crisis." What will the nurse include in this teaching? (Select All That Apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient, newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who has an order for a budesonide inhaler. When planning medication teaching, the nurse will plan to include which potential side effects of this medication? (Select All That Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The patient is receiving intravenous fluids of normal saline with 20 mEq of potassium chloride and a continuous insulin infusion. Which finding will indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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