The nurse is testing a patient's visual accommodation, which finding would the nurse expect to see?
Changes in the peripheral vision in response to light.
Pupillary constriction and convergence of the axis when looking at a near object.
Involuntary blinking in the presence of bright light.
Dilation of the pupils when looking at a far object.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Changes in peripheral vision in response to light are not directly related to visual accommodation. Peripheral vision is mediated by rod photoreceptors and is assessed through visual field testing, whereas accommodation involves the crystalline lens and its ability to change shape for focusing.
Choice B rationale
Visual accommodation is the process by which the eye changes its optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. When looking at a near object, the ciliary muscles contract, relaxing the suspensory ligaments, allowing the lens to become more convex (thicker) to increase refractive power. This change in lens shape is accompanied by pupillary constriction (miosis) and convergence of the visual axes (medial movement of the eyeballs) to maintain binocular vision.
Choice C rationale
Involuntary blinking in the presence of bright light is a reflex action called the blink reflex, serving to protect the eye from excessive light and maintain lubrication. It is a protective mechanism and not a component of the physiological process of visual accommodation, which focuses on near objects.
Choice D rationale
Dilation of the pupils (mydriasis) occurs when looking at a far object or in dim light conditions to allow more light to enter the eye. This is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and is opposite to the pupillary constriction that accompanies accommodation for near vision.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["25"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to determine the total infusion time in minutes. 1 L = 1000 mL. 1000 mL ÷ (150 mL/h) = 6.666. hours. 6.666. hours × (60 min/hour) = 400 minutes.
Step 2 is to calculate the flow rate in drops per minute. (1000 mL ÷ 400 min) × (10 gtts/mL) = 25 gtts/min. The flow rate is 25 gtts/min.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The anterior thighs are a permissible site for subcutaneous injections because they offer a good layer of subcutaneous fat, which allows for proper absorption of the medication. The vastus lateralis muscle, located in this region, is often used, providing a safe and accessible area for injection due to its distance from major nerves and blood vessels.
Choice B rationale
The area 2 inches around the umbilicus, while containing subcutaneous tissue, is generally avoided for routine subcutaneous injections due to the presence of numerous blood vessels and nerve endings, which can increase the risk of pain, bruising, and potential complications. It's often reserved for specific medications like insulin.
Choice C rationale
The posterior upper arm, specifically the triceps area, is a common and appropriate site for subcutaneous injections. This region provides a sufficient layer of subcutaneous tissue for medication absorption and is relatively free of major nerves and blood vessels, minimizing discomfort and potential complications for the patient.
Choice D rationale
The lateral aspect of the thigh is a frequently used and recommended site for subcutaneous injections. Similar to the anterior thigh, this area offers a large surface of subcutaneous fat, facilitating optimal drug absorption and reducing the likelihood of injecting into muscle or hitting critical neurovascular structures.
Choice E rationale
The forearms, particularly the ventral aspect, are generally not preferred sites for routine subcutaneous injections due to the thinner subcutaneous tissue layer and the proximity of numerous blood vessels and nerves. This area is more commonly used for intradermal injections, where a shallower injection is required.
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