The nurse knows that the third stage of labor has a high risk for which of the following complications?

Choice A rationale

Administering epinephrine before the procedure is not standard practice to prevent hypotension associated with epidurals. Epinephrine is used in emergency situations to treat severe allergic reactions or cardiac arrest, not for preventing epidural-induced hypotension.

Choice B rationale

Positioning the client on her back prior to the procedure is not recommended, as it can exacerbate hypotension due to compression of the inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus. This position can decrease venous return to the heart and reduce cardiac output.

Choice C rationale

Having the patient eat a carbohydrate snack prior to the procedure is not a standard intervention to prevent hypotension during an epidural. Dietary intake does not directly prevent the vasodilatory effects of the epidural anesthesia.

Choice D rationale

Administering a bolus of 0.9% Normal saline IV fluid before the procedure is the correct intervention to prevent hypotension. Preloading with IV fluids increases intravascular volume, counteracting the vasodilation and potential drop in blood pressure caused by the epidural anesthesia. .

Choice A rationale

Left occiput anterior (LOA) describes the occiput facing toward the front left of the maternal pelvis, not the back. LOA typically does not cause back labor.

Choice B rationale

Right occiput posterior (ROP) describes the occiput facing toward the back right of the maternal pelvis, not the left. ROP can cause back labor but is not aligned with the described position.

Choice C rationale

Left occiput posterior (LOP) means the occiput is facing the back left of the maternal pelvis, aligning with the description and commonly causing back labor pain.

Choice D rationale

Right occiput anterior (ROA) describes the occiput facing the front right of the maternal pelvis, not the left. ROA is not associated with increased back labor pain. .