The nurse knows that which of the following interventions are appropriate steps in the administration of ear drops to a child under three years of age?

A. Pulling the child's ear upward and backward to straighten the ear canal: For children under three years old, the correct technique is to pull the pinna downward and backward to straighten the ear canal. Pulling upward and backward is appropriate only for children over three years or adults.

B. Touch the dropper to the ear canal to steady it for accurate drop administration: The dropper should not touch the ear canal or any part of the ear to prevent contamination and potential infection. Keeping the dropper sterile ensures safe administration of the medication.

C. Warm the ear drops by holding the bottle in the hand for 1-2 minutes before administration: Warming the ear drops to near body temperature reduces discomfort and prevents dizziness or vertigo that can occur if cold drops are instilled into the ear canal.

D. Have the child lay on the affected side for 1-5 minutes after instillation: The child should lay on the unaffected side for 1 to 5 minutes after instillation. This position allows gravity to keep the medication in the ear canal and maximize absorption.

A. This drug will prevent the client from getting a bacterial infection while in the ICU.: Famotidine does not have antibacterial properties and is not used to prevent infections. Its therapeutic effect is limited to reducing stomach acid secretion.

B. This drug will help control the client’s pain and reduce the amount of opioids needed.: Famotidine does not possess analgesic properties. Pain management in ICU clients typically involves opioids or non-opioid analgesics.

C. This drug will help the client to breathe easier while on the ventilator.: Famotidine does not act on the respiratory system or improve oxygenation. It is prescribed to reduce the risk of gastric irritation or aspiration, but it does not affect ventilatory mechanics or gas exchange.

D. This drug will decrease gastric acid production and reduce the chance for stress ulcers.: Famotidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that suppresses gastric acid secretion. In critically ill clients, it helps prevent stress-related mucosal damage and gastrointestinal bleeding caused by physiological stress and mechanical ventilation.