The nurse manager on a busy older adult medical unit is under significant pressure to minimize client lengths of stay and speed up discharge planning. An older adult client tells the nurse, "It doesn't matter who or how many people are waiting in the emergency department for this bed; I'm simply not healthy enough to go home yet." The nurse interprets the client's statement as indicating which idea?

Absolutism

Relativism

Egoism

Beneficence

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Absolutism: This philosophical perspective holds that certain actions or principles are universally true or right, regardless of context or circumstances. In the context of the scenario, if the client believed in absolutism, they would likely insist that their discharge readiness is determined by fixed criteria, such as medical parameters, regardless of external factors like the waiting list in the emergency department.

B. Relativism: Relativism is the belief that truth, morality, or judgments are not absolute but are relative to individuals, cultures, or situations. In this scenario, the client's statement reflects a relativistic perspective because they assert that their readiness for discharge depends on their own health status and needs, rather than external factors like the waiting list in the emergency department.

C. Egoism: Egoism is a philosophical theory that prioritizes self-interest as the primary motivation for human actions. While the client's statement may indirectly reflect a concern for their own well-being, it does not necessarily imply that they are acting purely out of self-interest or egoism.

D. Beneficence: Beneficence is an ethical principle that emphasizes the obligation to do good and promote the well-being of others. While the client's statement may align with the idea of advocating for their own well-being, it does not directly relate to the ethical principle of beneficence, which typically involves actions taken to benefit others rather than oneself.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A 78-year-old client's stomach pH is increased.

An increased stomach pH could indicate a disruption in gastric acidity levels, which may be associated with various gastrointestinal conditions or medications. While it could be a normal variation in some cases, especially considering age-related changes, an increased stomach pH might also suggest underlying issues such as hypochlorhydria or certain medications' effects. Further investigation may be warranted to determine the cause and potential implications of this finding, especially if it's persistent or associated with symptoms.

B. A 71-year-old client's echocardiogram reveals slight left ventricular hypertrophy.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common finding, particularly in older adults with hypertension or other cardiovascular risk factors. While slight LVH might not always be clinically significant, it could indicate underlying cardiac abnormalities or increased cardiovascular risk. However, it's important to note that echocardiographic findings need to be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's clinical history and other cardiac assessments to determine the significance of the finding and the need for further investigation.

C. A 78-year-old client has recently developed urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is a common problem in older adults and can have various causes, including urinary tract infections, neurological disorders, medication side effects, or pelvic floor dysfunction. While it is important to assess and address urinary incontinence, particularly considering its impact on quality of life, it may not always warrant immediate further investigation unless it's associated with other concerning symptoms or complications that require assessment or treatment.

D. An 81-year-old client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is decreased.

A decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is indicative of impaired kidney function and may suggest underlying kidney disease or other systemic conditions affecting renal function. This finding warrants further investigation to determine the cause and severity of kidney dysfunction, assess for associated complications, and guide appropriate management. Further evaluation may include additional renal function tests, imaging studies, or referral to a nephrologist for specialized care.

A. Ensure that medical treatments comply with cultural expectations B. Increase compliance among minority clients C. Provide individualized and culturally sensitive care D. Ensure that clients get the respect customary in their own ethnic group

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Ensure that medical treatments comply with cultural expectations:

- This choice suggests the importance of aligning medical treatments with the cultural expectations of patients. While it's crucial to consider cultural factors when providing healthcare, the primary goal is not just to comply with cultural expectations, but rather to ensure that care is effective, respectful, and aligned with the individual's values and preferences within their cultural context.

B. Increase compliance among minority clients:

- This choice implies a focus on increasing adherence or compliance with medical recommendations among minority clients. While improving compliance is an important aspect of healthcare delivery, it should not be the sole focus when considering cultural factors. Instead, understanding culture should aim to provide culturally competent care that respects the beliefs, values, and preferences of minority clients, thereby fostering trust, engagement, and better health outcomes.

C. Provide individualized and culturally sensitive care:

- This choice accurately reflects the essence of understanding culture in healthcare. Providing individualized and culturally sensitive care involves recognizing and respecting the unique cultural backgrounds, beliefs, values, and preferences of each patient. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring care to meet the specific needs and preferences of diverse older adults within their cultural context, thereby promoting effective communication, engagement, and trust in the healthcare provider.

D. Ensure that clients get the respect customary in their own ethnic group:

- While ensuring respect for clients is indeed important, focusing solely on the respect customary in their own ethnic group may overlook the diversity of cultural backgrounds and preferences within that group. Understanding culture in healthcare goes beyond adherence to specific customs or norms and involves recognizing and respecting the individuality and diversity of each patient's cultural background and preferences. Therefore, while respect is important, the broader goal is to provide individualized and culturally sensitive care that respects the unique cultural perspectives and preferences of each patient.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing care to several clients. The nurse reviews each client's diagnostic and assessment findings. Which result would warrant the nurse to investigate further?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a newly admitted 76-year-old client. When applying the family-centered care model, which intervention by the nurse would reflect a focus on this type of care?

An older adult client reports not being able to sleep due to a recent leg injury. Which factor(s) will the nurse assess as a source of the insomnia? (Select All that Apply.)

A gerontological nurse is reviewing a journal article about legal issues and nursing practice. The nurse identifies which situation as a matter of public law?

A client with HIV-III and wasting syndrome has inadequate nutrition. What assessment finding by the nurse best indicates that goals have been met for this client problem?

A nurse is determining ways to address ethnic diversity among clients being provided care. Which action would be the most direct way for the nurse to do this?

A nurse is assisting an older adult client who is being treated for pancreatitis to create a menu. Which food selection by the client would lead the nurse to develop a teaching plan for the client?