The nurse practitioner diagnosed a 9-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The glycemic target for this child should be:

Rationale:
A. Nasal grunting is a sound produced during exhalation due to partial airway obstruction, not visible enlargement of the nostrils.
B. Nasal stridor refers to a high-pitched sound during breathing caused by upper airway obstruction, not the physical widening of nasal openings.
C. Nasal flaring is the visible enlargement of both nostrils during inspiration, often seen in infants and young children as a sign of respiratory distress. It helps reduce airway resistance and increase airflow.
D. Nasal obstruction is a blockage of nasal passages and does not describe the outward flaring of nostrils.

Rationale:
A. Blood type, Rh factor, and antibody screens are routinely performed in the first trimester to identify potential incompatibilities and plan appropriate management.
B. Screening for STDs, including HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, is recommended early in pregnancy to ensure maternal and fetal health.
C. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test for tuberculosis may be performed in the first trimester if the patient is at risk.
D. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening is typically performed during the second trimester (around 15–20 weeks gestation) to assess for neural tube defects and other fetal abnormalities. It is not a routine first-trimester test.