The nurse provides counseling to a family of a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with the knowledge that

Only males can pass the gene to their offspring

Patients are usually female

Genetic testing can help determine treatment

All daughters of a carrier will be carriers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder. Males (XY) pass their Y chromosome to sons and X to daughters, not the DMD gene. Females (XX) can pass the mutated X to offspring. This statement is incorrect, as males cannot pass the DMD gene to their children.

Choice B reason: DMD primarily affects males, as it is X-linked recessive, and males lack a second X chromosome to mask the mutation. Females are rarely affected, typically as carriers or in rare cases with skewed X-inactivation. This statement is incorrect, as patients are predominantly male, not female.

Choice C reason: Genetic testing identifies DMD gene mutations, confirming diagnosis and guiding treatment, such as corticosteroids to slow muscle degeneration or emerging gene therapies. It informs prognosis, carrier status, and family planning, making it critical for tailoring interventions and counseling families about the disease’s progression and management.

Choice D reason: Not all daughters of a carrier female will be carriers. A carrier mother has a 50% chance of passing the mutated X chromosome to each daughter, making half likely carriers. This statement is incorrect, as it overstates the genetic transmission probability for female offspring.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Zolpidem, a sedative-hypnotic, treats insomnia by enhancing GABA activity in the brain. It has no role in gout management, as it does not address uric acid levels, inflammation, or pain associated with gouty arthritis. Administering it would be irrelevant and fail to target the underlying pathophysiology of gout.

Choice B reason: Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine, manages anxiety by depressing central nervous system activity. It does not affect uric acid metabolism or inflammation in gout. Using it for gout is inappropriate, as it lacks anti-inflammatory or urate-lowering properties, offering no therapeutic benefit for the condition.

Choice C reason: Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces uric acid production, preventing gout attacks. It is a first-line medication for chronic gout management, lowering serum urate levels to prevent crystal formation in joints. The nurse should prepare to administer it to address the client’s hyperuricemia effectively.

Choice D reason: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, treats hypertension and edema by antagonizing aldosterone. It has no direct effect on uric acid levels or gout inflammation. Its use could even increase uric acid reabsorption, potentially worsening gout, making it an inappropriate choice for this client.

A. Localized erythema. B. Hypothermia. C. Bradycardia. D. Numbness of toes on the affected foot.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Localized erythema is a key manifestation of acute osteomyelitis, reflecting bacterial infection (often Staphylococcus aureus) in bone tissue following a puncture wound. Inflammation causes vasodilation and immune cell infiltration, producing redness, warmth, and swelling. Recognizing this prompts urgent antibiotic therapy and possible surgical debridement to prevent bone destruction and systemic infection.

Choice B reason: Hypothermia is not typical of acute osteomyelitis, which often presents with fever due to systemic inflammatory response to bone infection. Hypothermia may occur in sepsis or unrelated conditions but isn’t a hallmark. Expecting hypothermia misguides assessment, potentially delaying critical interventions like antibiotics for osteomyelitis’s infectious process.

Choice C reason: Bradycardia is not associated with acute osteomyelitis, which may cause tachycardia from fever and inflammation. Bradycardia suggests cardiac or autonomic issues, not bone infection. Assuming bradycardia misdirects focus from osteomyelitis’s infectious signs like erythema, risking delayed treatment and progression to chronic infection or abscess formation.

Choice D reason: Numbness of toes suggests nerve compression or vascular compromise, not acute osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis causes localized pain, erythema, and swelling from bone infection, not sensory loss. Expecting numbness misdiagnoses the condition, potentially overlooking infection and delaying antibiotics or surgical intervention critical for preventing bone necrosis and systemic spread.

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The nurse provides counseling to a family of a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with the knowledge that

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has developed gout. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has a puncture wound on his foot. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of acute osteomyelitis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient who fell in the bathroom of the hospital room reports pain in the upper right arm and elbow. Which action would the nurse take first in managing a possible fracture before splinting the injury?

A patient is admitted with acute gouty arthritis. Which medication does the nurse anticipate the health care provider may prescribe to prevent and treat an acute attack of gout?

What would the nurse include in the teaching plan for the patient with SLE?

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A patient with a humeral fracture is returning for a 4-week checkup. The nurse explains that initial evidence of healing on x-ray is indicated by

A 28-year-old man with a fractured humerus calls the nurse into his room. Upon assessment, the nurse finds the patient to be tachycardic, pale, and confused. The nurse suspects the patient may be experiencing which of the following complications?

A clinic nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is teaching a client who has a fractured femur about fat emboli syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as a manifestation of a fat embolism?