The nurse receives an order to administer drug R 300 mg IVPB over one hour. Drug R is available as 300 mg in 100 mL NSS. The drip factor of the piggyback tubing is 15 gtts/mL. At what rate should the nurse regulate the IV flow?

Choice A reason:

A sputum culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the definitive test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). This test involves collecting a sputum sample and culturing it to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause TB. It is considered the gold standard for confirming active TB infection.

Choice B reason:

The Tuberculin (PPD) skin test, also known as the Mantoux test, is used to screen for TB infection. It can indicate whether a person has been exposed to TB bacteria, but it cannot confirm active TB disease. A positive result requires further testing, such as a sputum culture, to confirm the diagnosis.

Choice C reason:

An acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear is a quick test that can detect the presence of mycobacteria in a sputum sample. While it can provide a preliminary indication of TB, it is not definitive. A positive AFB smear must be followed by a sputum culture to confirm the diagnosis.

Choice D reason:

A chest X-ray can show abnormalities in the lungs that are suggestive of TB, such as cavities or infiltrates. However, it cannot confirm the diagnosis on its own. Chest X-rays are used in conjunction with other tests, such as sputum culture and AFB smear, to diagnose TB.

Choice A reason: Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, can occur as a side effect of some anesthetic agents, particularly those that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is not the most common or severe adverse effect associated with anesthesia.

Choice B reason: Decreased respirations, or respiratory depression, is a known side effect of many anesthetic agents, especially opioids and sedatives used during anesthesia. While significant, it is typically managed with careful monitoring and supportive measures.

Choice C reason: Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but life-threatening reaction to certain anesthetic agents, such as succinylcholine and volatile anesthetics. It is characterized by a rapid increase in body temperature and severe muscle contractions. Immediate treatment with dantrolene and supportive measures are crucial to manage this condition.

Choice D reason: Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not commonly associated with anesthetic agents. It is more often related to other medical conditions or treatments, such as diuretic use or gastrointestinal losses.