Which of the following would the nurse discuss as common triggers for a client newly diagnosed with asthma? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Exercise
Pollen
Animal dander
Emotional stress
Recent travel abroad
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
Choice A reason:
Exercise is a well-known trigger for asthma, particularly exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). During physical activity, especially in cold or dry air, the airways can narrow, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Proper management and pre-exercise medication can help mitigate these effects.
Choice B reason:
Pollen is a common allergen that can trigger asthma symptoms. Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds can cause allergic reactions that lead to asthma exacerbations. Seasonal variations in pollen levels can significantly impact individuals with asthma, making it important to monitor pollen counts and take preventive measures.
Choice C reason:
Animal dander, which consists of tiny flakes of skin shed by cats, dogs, and other animals, is a frequent asthma trigger. Proteins found in the dander, saliva, and urine of pets can cause allergic reactions and asthma symptoms. Reducing exposure to pets and maintaining a clean environment can help manage this trigger.
Choice D reason:
Emotional stress can also trigger asthma symptoms. Stress and strong emotions can lead to hyperventilation and changes in breathing patterns, which can exacerbate asthma. Stress management techniques and relaxation exercises can be beneficial in controlling asthma symptoms related to emotional stress.
Choice E reason:
Recent travel abroad is not typically considered a common trigger for asthma. While travel can expose individuals to different environmental factors and allergens, it is not a direct trigger like the other options listed. However, it is important for individuals with asthma to plan and prepare for travel to manage their condition effectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fine crackles are often associated with bronchitis, particularly chronic bronchitis. These sounds are caused by the presence of mucus in the airways, which creates a crackling noise when air passes through. Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and increased mucus production in the bronchi, leading to these characteristic lung sounds.
Choice B reason: A pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, typically presents with absent or diminished breath sounds on the affected side rather than fine crackles. The absence of breath sounds is due to the lack of air movement in the collapsed portion of the lung. Fine crackles are not a common finding in pneumothorax.
Choice C reason: Asthma is characterized by wheezing, which is a high-pitched whistling sound caused by narrowed airways. While crackles can occasionally be heard in asthma, they are not the primary lung sound associated with this condition. Wheezing is more indicative of asthma due to bronchoconstriction and inflammation.
Choice D reason: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), typically presents with decreased breath sounds and prolonged expiration rather than fine crackles. The destruction of alveolar walls in emphysema leads to reduced lung sounds overall. Fine crackles are not a hallmark of emphysema.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
An increase in cellular size of the bronchi and bronchioles is not the primary issue in emphysema. Emphysema primarily affects the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, rather than the bronchi and bronchioles.
Choice B reason:
Overexpansion of the diaphragm is not a primary problem in emphysema. While the diaphragm may become flattened due to hyperinflation of the lungs, this is a secondary effect rather than the primary issue.
Choice C reason:
A decreased ability to inhale is not the main problem in emphysema. The primary issue is difficulty exhaling due to the loss of elasticity in the alveolar walls, which leads to air trapping and hyperinflation
Choice D reason:
Destruction of alveolar walls and loss of lung elasticity is the primary physiologic problem in emphysema. This destruction leads to reduced surface area for gas exchange and impaired lung function. The loss of elasticity makes it difficult for the lungs to expel air, leading to air trapping and hyperinflation.
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