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The nurse reviews the client's arterial blood gases and has the following results: pH 7.30. PaCO2 58, and HCO3 of 26. The nurse interprets these results that the client has which acid-base imbalance?

Respiratory Alkalosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Respiratory Alkalosis: Would have high pH (>7.45) and low PaCO2 (<35 mmHg).

B. Metabolic Acidosis: Would have low pH and low HCO3 (<22 mEq/L).

C. Metabolic Alkalosis: Would have high pH and high HCO3 (>26 mEq/L).

D. Respiratory Acidosis: A low pH (<7.35) and high PaCO2 (>45 mmHg) indicate respiratory acidosis, which occurs due to hypoventilation, COPD, or respiratory failure. The bicarbonate (HCO3) is normal, meaning there is no metabolic compensation yet.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chloride level would be decreased: Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypochloremia, especially when caused by vomiting or diuretics. However, hypokalemia is more clinically significant.

B. Sodium level would be elevated: Sodium levels are not directly affected by metabolic alkalosis.

C. Magnesium level would be elevated: Magnesium levels are not significantly altered in metabolic alkalosis.

D. Potassium level would be decreased: A bicarbonate level of 30 mEq/L indicates metabolic alkalosis. In alkalosis, hydrogen ions shift out of the cells, and potassium moves into the cells, leading to hypokalemia.

A. Hypotension B. Polyuria C. Weight loss D. Edema

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypotension: Fluid overload typically causes hypertension, not hypotension.

B. Polyuria: ESRD patients typically have oliguria or anuria, not excessive urine output.

C. Weight loss: Fluid overload leads to weight gain due to fluid retention.

D. Edema: Fluid overload causes peripheral and pulmonary edema due to impaired kidney function. Clients may also experience hypertension, dyspnea, and crackles.

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The nurse reviews the client's arterial blood gases and has the following results: pH 7.30. PaCO2 58, and HCO3 of 26. The nurse interprets these results that the client has which acid-base imbalance?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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