The nurse understands that hypospadias refers to what urinary anomaly?

The correct answer is choice A: "Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis."

Choice A rationale:

The statement "Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis" is correct. Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. This anomaly requires surgical correction.

Choice B rationale:

The statement "Urethral opening along dorsal surface of penis" is incorrect. This statement describes an anatomically incorrect condition. The opening of the urethra is not supposed to be along the dorsal surface of the penis.

Choice C rationale:

The statement "Absence of a urethral opening" is incorrect. This statement describes a more severe condition called "urethral agenesis" where the urethral opening is completely absent. Hypospadias is different and involves a misplaced urethral opening.

Choice D rationale:

The statement "Penis shorter than usual for age" is not related to hypospadias. Hypospadias primarily involves the location of the urethral opening and is unrelated to the length of the penis.

The correct answer is choice A: Rotavirus.

Choice A rationale:

Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children. It is highly contagious and is responsible for a significant portion of severe diarrhea cases worldwide. Rotavirus infections are most common in infants and young children, and they can lead to dehydration, especially in developing countries where access to clean water and proper sanitation might be limited.

Choice B rationale:

Salmonella organisms can cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections that lead to diarrhea. However, they are more commonly associated with bacterial infections rather than viral-induced acute diarrhea.

Choice C rationale:

Shigella organisms are also bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea, specifically bacillary dysentery. While they can cause severe diarrhea, they are not the viral pathogen typically responsible for acute diarrhea in young children.

Choice D rationale:

Giardia organisms are parasites that can cause gastrointestinal infections leading to diarrhea. However, they are not viruses, and they are less commonly associated with acute diarrhea in children compared to rotavirus.