The nurse would screen a client from which ethnic background for hypertension at an early age?

Population of African descent

Japanese population

Mexican population

Asian population

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Population of African descent: Individuals of African descent have a higher prevalence of hypertension, often developing it at a younger age and experiencing more severe complications. Early screening is essential for prevention and management.
B. Japanese population: While hypertension can occur, it tends to present later and may be more influenced by dietary factors such as sodium intake rather than genetics alone.
C. Mexican population: This group may be at risk due to obesity or lifestyle factors, but the risk is generally not as early or as severe as in African descent populations.
D. Asian population: Asians may develop hypertension, but it typically occurs at older ages and is not as strongly associated with early onset as seen in African descent populations.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Thiazide diuretic: Thiazide diuretics are often the first-line pharmacologic treatment for stage 1 hypertension when lifestyle changes alone are ineffective. They reduce blood volume and peripheral resistance, effectively lowering blood pressure.
B. ACE inhibitors: ACE inhibitors are commonly used, especially in clients with diabetes or heart failure, but they are generally considered after thiazide diuretics unless there is a compelling comorbidity.
C. Calcium channel blocker: These are also used to manage hypertension, particularly in older adults or those with certain cardiovascular risks, but not typically as the first step without other indications.
D. Beta-blocker: Beta-blockers are not usually first-line for uncomplicated hypertension. They are more appropriate when there are concurrent conditions like heart failure, arrhythmias, or post-MI care.

A. Alveoli B. The pulmonary artery C. The pulmonary vein D. Bronchi

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Alveoli: The alveoli are responsible for gas exchange, including the removal of CO₂. Impaired alveolar function leads to CO₂ retention and respiratory acidosis, commonly seen in conditions like COPD or pneumonia.
B. The pulmonary artery: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs but does not directly participate in gas exchange. Impairment here affects perfusion, not CO₂ elimination.
C. The pulmonary vein: The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the heart and is not involved in gas exchange. Elevated CO₂ is not typically linked to vein function.
D. Bronchi: The bronchi conduct air but do not facilitate gas exchange. While obstruction can contribute to CO₂ retention, the alveoli are primarily responsible for its removal.

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The nurse would screen a client from which ethnic background for hypertension at an early age?

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