The physician orders Ticar 800mg IM qoh.

The medication is supplied in 1g/2.5 mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer? (SHADE SYRINGE #1 TO CORRECT DOSE & LABEL CORRECTLY TO RECEIVE CREDIT)

Choice A rationale

Orientation to person, place, and time is a fundamental component of cognitive assessment, indicating intact neurological function. Knowing one's full name demonstrates personal orientation. Recognizing the hospital and its location signifies place orientation. Providing the correct month and year, even without the exact day, suggests a reasonable grasp of temporal orientation, reflecting adequate higher cortical processing.

Choice B rationale

The inability to state one's location and an incorrect year indicate significant deficits in both place and time orientation. This suggests impaired cognitive function, potentially due to delirium, dementia, or other neurological issues affecting memory and executive functions. Such a response would warrant further comprehensive cognitive evaluation.

Choice C rationale

While knowing one's name indicates personal orientation, confusion about the date points to a deficit in time orientation. This partial disorientation suggests some level of cognitive impairment, necessitating further assessment to determine the underlying cause and extent of the confusion.

Choice D rationale

Hesitation regarding location and complete inability to state the date demonstrate significant disorientation to both place and time. This pattern of response is indicative of impaired cognitive function and necessitates a thorough neurological and cognitive workup to identify potential etiologies.

Choice A rationale

Using a large bore needle (e.g., 18-gauge) for withdrawing medication from an ampule is generally avoided unless the medication is highly viscous, because it can create a larger hole in the ampule, increasing the risk of glass particle introduction. The primary concern with ampules is preventing glass shards from entering the syringe, which is addressed by filtration, not needle bore size alone.

Choice B rationale

Ampules are single-dose glass containers. When an ampule is opened, small, invisible glass fragments can break off. A filter needle contains a microscopic filter that traps these glass particles, preventing their aspiration into the syringe and subsequent injection into the patient, thus mitigating the risk of phlebitis, emboli, or other complications from particulate matter.

Choice C rationale

A small gauge needle (e.g., 25-gauge) has a very narrow lumen, which would make withdrawing medication from an ampule unnecessarily difficult and slow, especially for viscous solutions. Furthermore, a small gauge needle does not mitigate the risk of glass particle aspiration, which is the paramount concern when withdrawing medication from a glass ampule.

Choice D rationale

Placing a cotton ball over the opening of an ampule is not a scientifically sound method to prevent being cut or to prevent glass shards from entering the medication. Ampules are designed to be broken cleanly. Proper ampule opening techniques and the use of a filter needle are the established safety measures to prevent injury and contamination.