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The process of reducing the virulence of a pathogen to prepare a vaccine is:

A.

Attenuation

B.

Antitoxin

C.

Complement

D.

Vaccine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Attenuation is the process of weakening or reducing the virulence (ability to cause disease) of a pathogen, making it less harmful. This weakened form can then be used in the preparation of vaccines, allowing the immune system to respond without causing disease.
B. Antitoxin refers to antibodies or other substances that neutralize toxins, not the process of reducing a pathogen's virulence.
C. Complement refers to a group of proteins that play a role in the immune response, enhancing the ability to clear pathogens, but it is not related to the process of preparing vaccines.
D. Vaccine is a preparation used to stimulate the immune system, but the process of preparing the vaccine (such as attenuation) is different from the vaccine itself.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chyle drainage is not a function of the spleen. Chyle, a milky fluid rich in fats absorbed from the intestines, is transported by the lymphatic system — specifically through structures like lacteals and the thoracic duct — not the spleen.
B. Blood filtration is a key function of the spleen, as it removes pathogens and debris from the blood.
C. Destruction of old red blood cells occurs in the spleen, which acts as a graveyard for aging or damaged red blood cells.
D. Blood storage is also a spleen function; it can store blood and release it in case of hemorrhage or increased demand.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. GALT (Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) refers to lymphoid tissue found in the gastrointestinal tract, not a part of the lymph node.
B. The hilum is the indented area of a lymph node where blood vessels, nerves, and efferent lymphatic vessels (which carry lymph out of the node) exit the node.
C. Buboes are swollen lymph nodes, often a sign of infection like bubonic plague, not the area where vessels exit the lymph node.
D. Filariae are parasitic worms that can cause lymphatic filariasis, but they are not related to the structure of a lymph node.

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