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The process of reducing the virulence of a pathogen to prepare a vaccine is:

A.

Attenuation

B.

Antitoxin

C.

Complement

D.

Vaccine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Attenuation is the process of weakening or reducing the virulence (ability to cause disease) of a pathogen, making it less harmful. This weakened form can then be used in the preparation of vaccines, allowing the immune system to respond without causing disease.
B. Antitoxin refers to antibodies or other substances that neutralize toxins, not the process of reducing a pathogen's virulence.
C. Complement refers to a group of proteins that play a role in the immune response, enhancing the ability to clear pathogens, but it is not related to the process of preparing vaccines.
D. Vaccine is a preparation used to stimulate the immune system, but the process of preparing the vaccine (such as attenuation) is different from the vaccine itself.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. Neutrophils are part of the second line of defense, not the first. They are white blood cells that respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens after they have entered the body.
B. Inflammation is part of the second line of defense. It is an immune response that occurs after a pathogen has breached the body's barriers.
C. Tears are part of the first line of defense. They contain enzymes like lysozyme that help wash away and destroy pathogens on the surface of the eye.
D. Saliva is part of the first line of defense. It contains enzymes and antimicrobial substances that help neutralize and flush out pathogens from the mouth.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue) includes Peyer patches, which are found in the lining of the small intestine and play a key role in immune surveillance of the gut.
B. All of the answers are correct: Since all the listed options correctly relate to Peyer patches, the most comprehensive and correct choice is B.
C. MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) is a broader category that includes GALT as a subset, so Peyer patches are also part of MALT.
D. Peyer patches are part of the lymphatic system, contributing to the body's immune defense mechanisms.

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