The registered nurse is discussing care of an infant diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a nursing student. The registered nurse determines that the nursing student needs further teaching regarding a PDA when the student states that which circulatory change is a characteristic of this disorder?

This shunting allows oxygenated and unoxygenated blood to mix.

Blood is shunted to the right side of the heart.

This shunting results in increased pulmonary blood flow.

Blood is shunted to the left side of the heart.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "This shunting allows oxygenated and unoxygenated blood to mix."
Explanation: This statement is correct. In PDA, the shunting of blood between the aorta and pulmonary artery allows oxygenated and unoxygenated blood to mix, leading to decreased oxygen saturation in the systemic circulation.
B. "Blood is shunted to the right side of the heart."
Explanation: This statement is correct. In PDA, blood is shunted from the left side of the heart (aorta) to the right side of the heart (pulmonary artery).
C. "This shunting results in increased pulmonary blood flow."
Explanation: This statement is correct. PDA leads to increased pulmonary blood flow as a result of the shunting of blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.
D. "Blood is shunted to the left side of the heart."
Explanation:
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a fetal blood vessel that normally closes shortly after birth, remains open. In PDA, blood is shunted from the aorta (left side of the heart) to the pulmonary artery (right side of the heart), resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow. Therefore, the correct statement is that "Blood is shunted to the right side of the heart."

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Stopping the medication when the child feels better: Antibiotics should be taken for the full prescribed course, even if the child starts feeling better. Stopping prematurely can lead to incomplete eradication of the infection and potential antibiotic resistance.
B. Written information about the medication: Providing written information about the medication helps reinforce verbal instructions and serves as a reference for the parents or caregivers.
C. The reason why the child is taking the medication: It is essential to explain to parents or caregivers the purpose of the medication, such as treating a specific infection. Understanding the reason for the medication promotes compliance.
D. Using a kitchen spoon to administer the medication: Using a kitchen spoon can result in inaccurate dosing. The nurse should recommend using an appropriate measuring device, such as a calibrated oral syringe or a dosing spoon, to ensure accurate dosage administration.
E. The adverse effects of the medication: Educating parents or caregivers about potential adverse effects helps them monitor for any signs of complications and seek medical attention if needed.

A. A highly pruritic profuse macule to papule rash on the trunk B. A discrete pinkish red maculopapular rash that is spreading to the trunk C. An erythema on the face that has a "slapped face appearance D. A discrete rose-pink maculopapular rash on the trunk

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A highly pruritic profuse macule to papule rash on the trunk.
Explanation: This description does not align with the typical presentation of erythema infectiosum. The rash in fifth disease is not highly pruritic, and the initial characteristic is the "slapped face" appearance.
B. A discrete pinkish red maculopapular rash that is spreading to the trunk.
Explanation: While erythema infectiosum can involve a discrete rose-pink maculopapular rash on the trunk and limbs, the key initial characteristic is the "slapped face" appearance.
C. An erythema on the face that has a "slapped face appearance."
Explanation:
Erythema infectiosum, caused by the parvovirus B19, is commonly known as fifth disease. The initial rash often presents with a distinctive "slapped face" appearance, characterized by erythema (redness) on the cheeks, resembling a slapped appearance. Subsequently, a discrete rose-pink maculopapular rash may develop on the trunk and limbs.
D. A discrete rose-pink maculopapular rash on the trunk.
Explanation: This description aligns with the later stages of the rash in erythema infectiosum. However, the initial characteristic is the "slapped face" appearance on the face.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to discharge a child who has a new prescription for an oral antibiotic. Which of following information should the nurse include in the discharge instructions? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

On assessment, the school nurse notes that the child has a rash. The nurse suspects that the child has erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). because the skin assessment revealed a rash that has which characteristics?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has spina bifida and is paralyzed from the waist down. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse a need for further teaching?

A parent of a 9-year-old child newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is very concerned about the child participating in social events at school. The nurse creating a plant of care would formulate which goals to address these concerns? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a child who was admitted with suspected rheumatic fever. The provider prescribes an anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer. The parent asks the nurse the purpose of the test. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is assessing an adolescent who has an exacerbation of Graves' disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse in a clinic is assessing a 7-month-old infant. Which of the following indicates a need for further evaluation?

The parent of a child with mumps calls the health care clinic to tell the nurse that the child has been lethargic and vomiting. What instruction would the nurse give to the parent?