The stepped-care approach to the treatment of hypertension includes

lifestyle modification, including exercise, diet and decreased smoking and alcohol intake.

use of diuretic, beta-blocker, or ACE inhibitor to supplement lifestyle changes.

all of the above.

a combination of antihypertensive drug classes to achieve desired control.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Lifestyle modification, including exercise, diet, and decreased smoking and alcohol intake:
This statement is accurate. Lifestyle modifications are essential components of hypertension management and are recommended as the first step in treatment. These modifications include regular physical activity, adopting a heart-healthy diet such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, reducing sodium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking. These changes can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

B) Use of diuretic, beta-blocker, or ACE inhibitor to supplement lifestyle changes:
This statement is also accurate. If lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient to achieve blood pressure control, pharmacotherapy may be initiated. The choice of antihypertensive medications depends on various factors, including the individual's comorbidities, medication tolerance, and response to treatment. Diuretics, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors are commonly used as first-line agents in the management of hypertension, either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs.

C) All of the above:
This statement is correct. The stepped-care approach to hypertension management involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy. Lifestyle changes are typically recommended as the initial step, followed by the addition of antihypertensive medications if necessary to achieve target blood pressure goals. Therefore, both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions are integral components of the stepped-care approach.

D) A combination of antihypertensive drug classes to achieve desired control:
While this statement is true, it does not encompass all aspects of the stepped-care approach. The use of combination therapy with multiple antihypertensive drug classes may be necessary in some cases to achieve optimal blood pressure control. However, it is only one component of the broader treatment strategy, which also includes lifestyle modifications as the foundation of therapy. Therefore, while combination therapy is important, it does not fully represent the stepped-care approach on its own.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Check the client's perianal skin integrity:
Assessing perianal skin integrity is important in the care of a client with ulcerative colitis, particularly due to the potential for diarrhea and irritation. However, this is not the first priority upon admission for an acute exacerbation.

B) Educate the patient on which foods the patient should eat:
Nutritional education is crucial in managing ulcerative colitis, but it is not the priority during the initial assessment and admission for an acute exacerbation. Stabilizing the client's condition and addressing immediate needs take precedence.

C) Investigate the client's emotional concerns:
While emotional support is important, particularly in chronic conditions like ulcerative colitis, assessing emotional concerns is not the first action required upon admission for an acute exacerbation. Physical stabilization and assessment of the client's condition are the initial priorities.

D) Review the client's electrolyte values:
This is the correct answer. During an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, there is a risk of electrolyte imbalance due to diarrhea and fluid loss. Reviewing the client's electrolyte values is crucial to assess the severity of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which can have immediate implications for the client's treatment plan and stabilization.

A. Decreased bowel sounds B. Dehydration C. Rigid abdomen D. Hypothermia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Decreased bowel sounds:
While diarrhea can lead to changes in bowel function, such as increased frequency and urgency, it typically does not cause decreased bowel sounds. In fact, hyperactive bowel sounds may be present in some cases of diarrhea due to increased gastrointestinal motility and peristalsis as the body attempts to expel excess stool.

B) Dehydration:
This is the correct answer. Diarrhea can result in fluid and electrolyte losses, leading to dehydration if not adequately managed. Common symptoms of dehydration include increased thirst, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, dark urine, fatigue, weakness, and dizziness. In severe cases, dehydration can lead to hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.

C) Rigid abdomen:
While abdominal discomfort and cramping are common symptoms of diarrhea, a rigid abdomen is not typically associated with uncomplicated cases of diarrhea. However, severe abdominal pain, distention, and rigidity may indicate underlying complications such as bowel obstruction or peritonitis, which require urgent medical evaluation.

D) Hypothermia:
Hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature, is not a typical finding in clients with diarrhea. In fact, diarrhea is more commonly associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances that can lead to hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) due to dehydration and inflammatory responses. However, hypothermia may occur in severe cases of dehydration or sepsis, but it is not a direct consequence of diarrhea itself.

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The stepped-care approach to the treatment of hypertension includes

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is being admitted for an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has had diarrhea for several days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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