The type of immunity produced by infection or exposure to a microbial toxin is:
Autoimmunity
Species immunity
Passive immunity
Active immunity
The Correct Answer is D
A. Autoimmunity is a malfunction of the immune system where the body attacks its own tissues — it is not a type of protective immunity acquired through infection or exposure.
B. Species immunity refers to natural resistance to certain diseases that affect other species (e.g., humans not being susceptible to some animal viruses), not immunity acquired through infection.
C. Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source (like from mother to baby or via antibody-containing injections) and does not require the immune system to produce its own response.
D. Active immunity is the correct answer. It develops when the body is exposed to a pathogen or its toxins and responds by producing its own antibodies and memory cells, providing long-term protection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. GALT stands for Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, which refers to lymphoid tissue found in the gastrointestinal tract, including structures like Peyer's patches and the appendix, that play a role in immune defense.
B. Lacteals are specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the small intestine, responsible for absorbing digested fats, not lymphoid tissue.
C. Kupffer cells are macrophages located in the liver, responsible for filtering the blood, not in the gastrointestinal tract.
D. MALT stands for Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, which refers to lymphoid tissue found in mucosal membranes throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, but GALT is the specific term for lymphoid tissue in the gut.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lung contains alveolar macrophages (dust cells), not Kupffer cells.
B. Spleen contains various types of immune cells, but Kupffer cells are not found here.
C. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver. They play a role in filtering blood and removing pathogens, debris, and worn-out blood cells.
D. Tonsils contain lymphocytes and other immune cells, but Kupffer cells are not found in the tonsils.
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