The type of immunity produced by infection or exposure to a microbial toxin is:
Autoimmunity
Species immunity
Passive immunity
Active immunity
The Correct Answer is D
A. Autoimmunity is a malfunction of the immune system where the body attacks its own tissues — it is not a type of protective immunity acquired through infection or exposure.
B. Species immunity refers to natural resistance to certain diseases that affect other species (e.g., humans not being susceptible to some animal viruses), not immunity acquired through infection.
C. Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source (like from mother to baby or via antibody-containing injections) and does not require the immune system to produce its own response.
D. Active immunity is the correct answer. It develops when the body is exposed to a pathogen or its toxins and responds by producing its own antibodies and memory cells, providing long-term protection.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The inguinal lymph nodes are not part of the hepatic portal system. The hepatic portal system refers to the venous system that directs blood from the digestive organs to the liver, while the inguinal lymph nodes are involved in immune function.
B. The inguinal lymph nodes do not line the entrance of the spleen. The spleen is located in the upper left abdomen and has its own set of immune cells but does not directly connect to the inguinal lymph nodes.
C. The inguinal lymph nodes are located in the groin area. They are part of the body's lymphatic system and help filter lymph fluid from the lower extremities and genital region.
D. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver, not in the inguinal lymph nodes. These cells are involved in the filtration of blood and the removal of pathogens and debris.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that primarily responds to bacterial infections and perform phagocytosis, not specifically attacking tumor or virus-infected cells.
B. Regulatory T cells help regulate the immune response and prevent excessive immune activity, but they do not directly attack tumor or virus-infected cells.
C. Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a key role in the body's defense against tumor cells and virus-infected cells by directly attacking and destroying them.
D. Memory T cells are responsible for "remembering" a previous pathogen, enabling a quicker response upon future exposure, but they do not directly attack tumor or virus-infected cells.
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