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These respiratory structures are made up of mostly smooth muscles and determine the flow of air to the alveoli:

Bronchi

Larynx

Bronchioles

Trachea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Bronchi: Contain cartilage and some smooth muscle but are not the primary regulators of airflow.

B. Larynx: Functions in sound production and airway protection, not airflow regulation to alveoli.

C. Bronchioles: Correct; they are lined with smooth muscle that controls airflow to alveoli.

D. Trachea: A rigid structure with cartilage rings; does not regulate airflow via muscle tone.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Due to contraction of the trapezius muscle: Not involved in normal breathing.

B. Referred to as ventilation (breathing): Correct; ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

C. Due to relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles: Only exhalation is passive due to relaxation.

D. Caused by contraction and relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle: Regulates airflow, not breathing movements.

A. Dissolved in plasma B. By hemoglobin C. By bicarbonate D. By pulmonary surfactants

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Dissolved in plasma- only ~1.5% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma.

B. By hemoglobin- ~98.5% of oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells.

C. By bicarbonate- this primarily transports carbon dioxide, not oxygen.

D. By pulmonary surfactants- surfactant reduces surface tension in alveoli, not related to oxygen transport in blood.

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These respiratory structures are made up of mostly smooth muscles and determine the flow of air to the alveoli:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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