True or False: Vaccinations can cause the diseases they are designed to prevent.

Explanation:Innate immunity. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense and provides immediate protection against infections without prior exposure to the pathogen. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin, and various cellular and chemical components.

Incorrect choices:

a. Adaptive immunity is the acquired immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen or vaccination. It takes some time to mount a response and produce antibodies or memory cells.

b. Humoral immunity is a component of adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens.

d. Cell-mediated immunity is another component of adaptive immunity, where T cells directly attack infected or abnormal cells.

Explanation: Passive immunity is the temporary immunity that is acquired from an external source, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby through the placenta during pregnancy or through breastfeeding. This type of immunity provides immediate protection but does not result in the production of memory cells.

Incorrect choices:

a. The body's response to a vaccine is an example of active immunity, where the body produces its own antibodies in response to exposure to a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen.

c. The activation of T cells in response to an infection is part of the body's adaptive immune response, contributing to active immunity.

d. The production of memory cells after exposure to a pathogen is also a characteristic of active immunity, as it allows the body to recognize and respond more quickly to future infections with the same pathogen.