Upon admission to the ICU, a client with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be exhibiting which clinical manifestations of right-sided heart failure? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

A. Prolonged PR interval: A prolonged PR interval is typically indicative of first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block and does not specifically relate to the presence of myocardial infarction (MI) that extends through the myocardium.

B. ST depression: ST depression can indicate subendocardial ischemia, but it is not a definitive change associated with a full-thickness myocardial infarction. It is more commonly seen during stress testing or in cases of angina rather than a transmural infarction.

C. ST elevation: ST elevation is a characteristic finding in cases of transmural myocardial infarction (MI), indicating that the injury extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium. This elevation occurs due to the acute injury to the myocardial cells, leading to changes in the electrical activity as reflected on the ECG.

D. Prolonged QT interval: A prolonged QT interval is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias but does not specifically indicate a myocardial infarction that penetrates through the myocardium. It is generally not directly related to the ischemic process of an MI.

A. Controlling the blood pressure: Controlling blood pressure is crucial for reducing the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Even with a normal lipid panel, hypertension can significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk, and managing blood pressure helps protect against the development of CAD.

B. Moderate alcohol use: While moderate alcohol consumption may have some potential benefits for heart health, it is not a primary risk factor reduction strategy. The focus should be on more impactful lifestyle changes, particularly for individuals with normal lipid levels.

C. Eating a low-fat diet: Although a balanced diet is important for overall health, a low-fat diet specifically is not necessary for everyone, especially those with normal lipid levels. The emphasis should be on a heart-healthy diet that includes healthy fats, such as those from fish, nuts, and olive oil, rather than simply reducing fat intake.

D. Avoiding air pollution: Avoiding air pollution can have health benefits, but it is not a primary strategy for individuals seeking to reduce the risk of CAD. Addressing more direct risk factors, such as blood pressure management, is more critical in this context.