What are the clinical manifestations of Cushing syndrome? (select all that apply)
Hyperkalemia
Thin skin that bruises easily
Round, “moon face” appearance
Weight loss
Fatty pad between the shoulders .
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A rationale
Hyperkalemia, or high levels of potassium in the blood, is not a clinical manifestation of Cushing syndrome.
Choice B rationale
Thin skin that bruises easily is indeed a common symptom of Cushing syndrome. The condition causes the skin to become thin and fragile, leading to easy bruising.
Choice C rationale
A round, “moon face” appearance is another common symptom of Cushing syndrome. This is caused by the redistribution of fat to certain areas of the body, including the face.
Choice D rationale
Weight loss is not typically associated with Cushing syndrome. In fact, weight gain, particularly in the trunk of the body, is a more common symptom.
Choice E rationale
A fatty pad between the shoulders, often referred to as a “buffalo hump,” is a common symptom of Cushing syndrome. This is also due to the redistribution of fat in the body.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The pituitary hormones releasing antidiuretic hormone in response to hypothyroid signaling, resulting in extensive diuresis, is not a known complication of myxedema. Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by an underactive thyroid, not an overactive pituitary gland.
Choice B rationale
Myxedema coma, a rare but life-threatening complication of myxedema, can indeed be triggered by illness or trauma, leading to an exaggeration of hypothyroid symptoms. This can include severe hypotension, seizures, and/or coma. This condition is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.
Choice C rationale
Over secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) leading to increased excretion of T3 and T4 with dangerous cardiac symptoms is not associated with myxedema. Instead, this scenario is more likely to occur in hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid, not an underactive one.
Choice D rationale
The heart not allowing proper flow of fluid throughout the body due to elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormone is not a characteristic of myxedema. In myxedema, the levels of thyroid hormones are low, not high.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While diarrhea can be a symptom of many conditions, it is not typically a serious potential complication of gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD).
Choice B rationale
Heartburn is a common symptom of GERD, but it is not typically considered a serious potential complication.
Choice C rationale
While a cough can be a symptom of GERD, it is not typically considered a serious potential complication.
Choice D rationale
Esophageal cancer is a serious potential complication of GERD. Long-term exposure to stomach acid can cause changes in the cells lining the esophagus, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
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