Heartburn is a clinical manifestation of which of the following disorders?

Choice A rationale

Pyloric stenosis is a condition that affects infants, typically between two and six weeks of age. The most common symptoms include projectile vomiting and persistent hunger, as the thickening of the pylorus prevents food from passing to the small intestines. Abdominal pain may also be present. Therefore, projectile vomiting and abdominal pains are clinical manifestations of pyloric stenosis in the infant.

Choice B rationale

While irritability can be a symptom of pyloric stenosis due to the infant’s discomfort, weight gain is not typically associated with this condition. In fact, weight loss or poor weight gains are more common due to the vomiting and reduced food intake.

Choice C rationale

Pyloric stenosis does not typically cause frequent stools or bleaching. In fact, fewer bowel movements may be observed because little food is passing to the small intestines.

Choice D rationale

Edema and diarrhea are not typical symptoms of pyloric stenosis. The primary symptoms are related to the obstruction of the stomach outlet, which includes projectile vomiting and persistent hunger.

Choice A rationale

Delirium, or sudden confusion, is a clinical manifestation of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an elderly client. UTIs can cause sudden confusion among seniors, which may resemble serious conditions like dementia. The confusion is usually reversible if the UTI is properly treated.