What are two common causes of a pleural effusion?
Choose 2 answers.
Heart failure
Severe pulmonary infection
Pulmonary hypertension
Collagen vascular disease COPD
Emphysema
Correct Answer : A,D
A. Heart failure is a common cause of pleural effusion because the heart's inability to pump effectively leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs and pleural space.
B. Severe pulmonary infection, such as pneumonia, can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to pleural effusion.
C. Pulmonary hypertension: While pulmonary hypertension can cause fluid overload and respiratory issues, it is not a direct cause of pleural effusion.
D. Collagen vascular disease COPD like lupus can cause pleural effusion, but COPD is typically associated with other lung issues like emphysema or chronic bronchitis, not directly with pleural effusion.
E. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that involves the destruction of alveoli but is not directly related to the development of pleural effusion.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Starvation: Starvation can lead to hypomagnesemia due to inadequate intake of magnesium.
B. Rhabdomyolysis: Rhabdomyolysis is associated with hypermagnesemia due to the release of intracellular magnesium from damaged muscle cells.
C. Addison disease: Addison disease is often associated with hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, but not typically hypomagnesemia.
D. Milk-alkali syndrome: Milk-alkali syndrome is associated with hypercalcemia, not hypomagnesemia.
Correct Answer is ["B","E"]
Explanation
A. Menorrhagia: This refers to heavy menstrual bleeding, which is not typical in Turner's syndrome due to the absence of menstruation (primary amenorrhea).
B. Barrel chest: Individuals with Turner's syndrome often have a broad chest, which can be described as a "barrel chest" due to the increased distance between the nipples and the relative short stature.
C. Anomalous auricles: While some individuals with Turner's syndrome might have minor ear abnormalities, this is not a characteristic feature.
D. Cervical polyps: These are not specifically associated with Turner's syndrome.
E. Broad chest: A broad chest is a common physical characteristic in individuals with Turner's syndrome, along with a short stature and other physical anomalies.
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