What are two common causes of a pleural effusion?
Choose 2 answers.
Heart failure
Severe pulmonary infection
Pulmonary hypertension
Collagen vascular disease COPD
Emphysema
Correct Answer : A,D
A. Heart failure is a common cause of pleural effusion because the heart's inability to pump effectively leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs and pleural space.
B. Severe pulmonary infection, such as pneumonia, can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to pleural effusion.
C. Pulmonary hypertension: While pulmonary hypertension can cause fluid overload and respiratory issues, it is not a direct cause of pleural effusion.
D. Collagen vascular disease COPD like lupus can cause pleural effusion, but COPD is typically associated with other lung issues like emphysema or chronic bronchitis, not directly with pleural effusion.
E. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that involves the destruction of alveoli but is not directly related to the development of pleural effusion.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Epispadias: This is a condition where the urethral opening is on the top side of the penis.
B. Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis, rather than at the tip.
C. Azoospermia: This refers to a lack of sperm in the semen and is not related to the location of the urethral orifice.
D. Paraphimosis: This is a condition where the foreskin cannot be returned to its normal position, unrelated to the urethral orifice location.
Correct Answer is ["C","F"]
Explanation
A. Hydration: While important for overall health, hydration alone is not a treatment for bladder cancer.
B. Continuous renal replacement: This is a treatment for severe kidney failure, not bladder cancer.
C. Immunotherapy, such as intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, is commonly used to treat bladder cancer, particularly in non-muscle-invasive cases.
D. ACE inhibitors: These are used for hypertension and heart failure, not bladder cancer.
E. Antibiotics: Useful for treating infections, not cancer.
F. Radiation therapy can be used to treat bladder cancer, especially in cases where surgery is not an option or as an adjunct to other treatments.
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