Which two components are part of the pathophysiology of thalassemia?
Choose 2 answers.
A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient.
A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation.
Hgb synthesis is reduced.
A region of arterial wall bulges.
Correct Answer : A,C
A. A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in one of the polypeptide chains (alpha or beta) that make up hemoglobin (Hgb). This leads to abnormal hemoglobin formation and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation. Thrombus formation is related to blood clotting disorders or vascular injury, not to the pathophysiology of thalassemia.
C. Hgb synthesis is reduced. In thalassemia, the synthesis of hemoglobin is reduced due to the defective production of one of its chains, leading to anemia and other complications.
D. A region of arterial wall bulges: This describes an aneurysm, which is unrelated to thalassemia.
E. A high shearing force acts on arterial walls: This is associated with conditions like hypertension or atherosclerosis, not thalassemia.
F. Ventricular contractile function decreases: This is related to heart failure or cardiomyopathy and is not a feature of thalassemia.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","F"]
Explanation
A. Rectal pain is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis, particularly when the inflammation affects the rectum (proctitis). This discomfort is due to the inflammation of the rectal lining.
B. Hepatorenal syndrome: This is a serious complication of advanced liver disease, not directly associated with ulcerative colitis.
C. Abdominal pain is a hallmark sign of ulcerative colitis, especially during flare-ups. The pain is often crampy and is typically located in the lower abdomen.
D. Vomiting: While GI distress can lead to vomiting, it is not a primary symptom of ulcerative colitis.
E. Protein malnutrition: This can occur in various GI disorders but is not a direct sign of ulcerative colitis.
F. Chronic diarrhea: It is a classic symptom of ulcerative colitis, characterized by frequent, watery stools.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, leading to impaired absorption of vitamin B12, not hemolysis.
B. Anemia due to lack of Erythropoietin (EPO) is often related to chronic kidney disease and results from decreased red blood cell production, not hemolysis.
C. Anemia of chronic disease is usually due to chronic inflammation or infection and results from impaired red blood cell production, not hemolysis.
D. Sickle cell anemia is a form of hemolytic anemia where abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, leading to their premature destruction.
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