Which two components are part of the pathophysiology of thalassemia?
Choose 2 answers.
A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient.
A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation.
Hgb synthesis is reduced.
A region of arterial wall bulges.
Correct Answer : A,C
A. A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in one of the polypeptide chains (alpha or beta) that make up hemoglobin (Hgb). This leads to abnormal hemoglobin formation and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation. Thrombus formation is related to blood clotting disorders or vascular injury, not to the pathophysiology of thalassemia.
C. Hgb synthesis is reduced. In thalassemia, the synthesis of hemoglobin is reduced due to the defective production of one of its chains, leading to anemia and other complications.
D. A region of arterial wall bulges: This describes an aneurysm, which is unrelated to thalassemia.
E. A high shearing force acts on arterial walls: This is associated with conditions like hypertension or atherosclerosis, not thalassemia.
F. Ventricular contractile function decreases: This is related to heart failure or cardiomyopathy and is not a feature of thalassemia.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","E"]
Explanation
A. Menorrhagia: This refers to heavy menstrual bleeding, which is not typical in Turner's syndrome due to the absence of menstruation (primary amenorrhea).
B. Barrel chest: Individuals with Turner's syndrome often have a broad chest, which can be described as a "barrel chest" due to the increased distance between the nipples and the relative short stature.
C. Anomalous auricles: While some individuals with Turner's syndrome might have minor ear abnormalities, this is not a characteristic feature.
D. Cervical polyps: These are not specifically associated with Turner's syndrome.
E. Broad chest: A broad chest is a common physical characteristic in individuals with Turner's syndrome, along with a short stature and other physical anomalies.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Vasodilation is a component of the inflammatory response, but it is not the term that encompasses the entire process.
B. Inflammatory response is the body's automatic reaction to tissue injury, involving a series of events such as vasodilation, increased permeability, and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury.
C. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens, but the inflammatory response is more specific to the reaction to injury or infection.
D. Adaptive or acquired immunity is a more specific immune response that develops after exposure to a specific antigen, not the immediate response to injury.
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