Which two components are part of the pathophysiology of thalassemia?
Choose 2 answers.
A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient.
A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation.
Hgb synthesis is reduced.
A region of arterial wall bulges.
Correct Answer : A,C
A. A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in one of the polypeptide chains (alpha or beta) that make up hemoglobin (Hgb). This leads to abnormal hemoglobin formation and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation. Thrombus formation is related to blood clotting disorders or vascular injury, not to the pathophysiology of thalassemia.
C. Hgb synthesis is reduced. In thalassemia, the synthesis of hemoglobin is reduced due to the defective production of one of its chains, leading to anemia and other complications.
D. A region of arterial wall bulges: This describes an aneurysm, which is unrelated to thalassemia.
E. A high shearing force acts on arterial walls: This is associated with conditions like hypertension or atherosclerosis, not thalassemia.
F. Ventricular contractile function decreases: This is related to heart failure or cardiomyopathy and is not a feature of thalassemia.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
A. Hypotension: When blood pressure drops, the body's ability to transport fluids and electrolytes is compromised, leading to fluid imbalances and ultimately dehydration.
B. Blood clotting: Blood clotting does not directly cause dehydration or increase water needs.
C. Hypertension: Hypertension does not typically cause dehydration; it is more often associated with fluid overload.
D. Gastrointestinal (GI) fluid loss: GI fluid loss, such as from vomiting or diarrhea, leads to dehydration and increases the body's need for water.
E. Low body temperature: While it might seem counterintuitive, low body temperature (hypothermia) can actually increase fluid loss through increased metabolic rate and shivering.
F. Weight gain: Weight gain is more often associated with fluid retention rather than dehydration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm, causes enterobiasis, not malaria.
B. Plasmodium is the genus of parasites that causes malaria. It is transmitted by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito.
C. Entamoeba histolytica causes amebiasis, a type of intestinal infection, not malaria.
D. Trichuris trichiura, or whipworm, causes trichuriasis, an intestinal infection, not malaria.
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