Which two components are part of the pathophysiology of thalassemia?
Choose 2 answers.
A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient.
A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation.
Hgb synthesis is reduced.
A region of arterial wall bulges.
Correct Answer : A,C
A. A polypeptide chain of the Hgb structure is deficient. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in one of the polypeptide chains (alpha or beta) that make up hemoglobin (Hgb). This leads to abnormal hemoglobin formation and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. A thrombus forms at an area of inflammation. Thrombus formation is related to blood clotting disorders or vascular injury, not to the pathophysiology of thalassemia.
C. Hgb synthesis is reduced. In thalassemia, the synthesis of hemoglobin is reduced due to the defective production of one of its chains, leading to anemia and other complications.
D. A region of arterial wall bulges: This describes an aneurysm, which is unrelated to thalassemia.
E. A high shearing force acts on arterial walls: This is associated with conditions like hypertension or atherosclerosis, not thalassemia.
F. Ventricular contractile function decreases: This is related to heart failure or cardiomyopathy and is not a feature of thalassemia.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Rheumatoid arthritis also involves morning stiffness and symmetrical joint pain, but it typically affects smaller joints first (e.g., hands, wrists), and does not usually cause Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes, which are more characteristic of osteoarthritis.
B. Osteomalacia involves bone softening due to vitamin D deficiency and does not present with joint nodes or the type of stiffness described.
C. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by morning stiffness, limited range of motion, and joint pain that worsens with activity. Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes are specific to osteoarthritis, typically appearing on the fingers.
D. Rickets is a pediatric disorder caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone deformities, but it does not cause the joint issues or nodes described.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a gene, one inherited from each parent.
B. Recessive refers to an allele that only expresses its trait if two copies are present (homozygous), but this term does not describe the inheritance pattern itself.
C. Dominant refers to an allele that expresses its trait even if only one copy is present, but again, this term does not describe the inheritance pattern.
D. Homozygous describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents (e.g., AA or aa).
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