A 68-year-old male patient is admitted to the inpatient floor with reports of a UTI, urinary retention, and nocturia. The patient has chronic conditions including chronic cystitis and nicotine dependence. Microscopic urinalysis results show evidence of malignant epithelial cells. The patient is scheduled for transurethral resection the next day

Which condition is being described?

A. Atherosclerosis is the build-up of plaques in the arteries, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries, not dilation and weakening.

B. Varicose vein involve the swelling and twisting of veins, usually in the legs, due to valve failure, not the dilation of a blood vessel wall as in an aneurysm.

C. Aneurysm is the local dilation or bulging of a blood vessel due to a weakening of the vessel wall, which can lead to rupture and serious complications.

D. Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein associated with clot formation, not the dilation of a blood vessel.

A. A complication of a medical or surgical procedure: This describes an iatrogenic pneumothorax, not a primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

B. A wound that allows air into the pleural cavity but not out: This describes a tension pneumothorax, not a primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

C. No underlying lung disease and no inciting event: A primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs without any apparent cause or underlying lung disease, often in healthy individuals, especially young, tall, thin men.

D. Underlying lung disease as well as air entering the pleural space via ruptured blebs: This describes a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, not a primary one.