What is a common food allergen?
Apple
Shrimp
Chicken
Rice
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Apples are generally considered low-allergen foods. While some individuals may have oral allergy syndrome related to pollen-food cross-reactivity, apples are not among the most common food allergens.
B. Shrimp is a shellfish, which is one of the major common food allergens. Shellfish allergy can trigger severe allergic reactions, including urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal symptoms, or anaphylaxis. Shellfish allergies are lifelong in most cases and are more common in adults than children.
C. Chicken is rarely a cause of food allergy. Most individuals can tolerate cooked chicken without immune reactions. It is not listed among common allergens.
D. Rice is generally considered hypoallergenic and is rarely associated with allergic reactions. It is often recommended as a safe food for infants or people with food sensitivities.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The term "natural immunity" is sometimes used ambiguously. In immunology, it can refer to innate immunity, but in this context, the person is experiencing an immediate reaction to allergens (animal dander), which is not the development of long-term immunity.
B. Acquired (or adaptive) immunity develops after exposure to a specific pathogen and involves antigen-specific responses, such as the production of antibodies by B cells or activation of T cells. The runny nose and watery eyes are symptoms of an allergic reaction, not adaptive immune protection.
C. Passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from another individual or source, such as mother to fetus via placenta or via immunoglobulin therapy. The person in this scenario did not receive antibodies; they are reacting to environmental allergens.
D. Innate immunity is the body’s nonspecific first line of defense. It includes physical barriers (skin, mucosa), chemical defenses, and immune cells that respond immediately to foreign substances. In this case, the runny nose and watery eyes reflect an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, which is mediated by the innate and early immune response, particularly mast cells releasing histamine upon allergen exposure. This response is nonspecific and occurs upon first contact, fitting within the innate immune framework.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a type I hypersensitivity reaction, which is IgE-mediated. It occurs when allergens trigger histamine release from mast cells, causing sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion.
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a type III hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by the formation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that deposit in tissues such as the kidneys, joints, skin, and blood vessels. These complexes trigger inflammation and tissue damage through complement activation and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Common manifestations include arthritis, nephritis, rashes, and vasculitis.
C. Poison ivy causes a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, also called a delayed-type hypersensitivity, which is cell-mediated rather than antibody-mediated. The reaction occurs 24–72 hours after exposure and involves T lymphocytes responding to the allergen.
D. Acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions are type II hypersensitivity reactions, which are antibody-mediated cytotoxic reactions. Preformed antibodies bind to donor red blood cells, leading to cell lysis and hemolysis.
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