What compensatory mechanism involved in both chronic heart failure and decompensated heart failure leads to fluid retention and edema?
Ventricular fibrillation
Increased ICP
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation
Atrial flutter
The Correct Answer is C
A. Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia, not a compensatory mechanism for heart failure.
B. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is unrelated to heart failure compensation.
C. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in heart failure to maintain blood pressure and perfusion. This leads to sodium and water retention, causing fluid buildup and edema.
D. Atrial flutter is a cardiac arrhythmia, not a compensatory mechanism causing fluid retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The skull contains and protects three essential components: brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which together maintain intracranial pressure and brain function.
B. White matter and grey matter are parts of the brain, but "yellow matter" is not a recognized term.
C. Synovial fluid is found in joints, not in the skull; spinal fluid refers to CSF but listing both is redundant.
D. WBCs, leukocytes, and plasma are components of blood, not components contained within the skull.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The ventricles work simultaneously, not alternately, and both failing leads to compromised cardiac output.
B. Biventricular heart failure involves both the left and right ventricles, not just the left.
C. An ejection fraction above 50% is considered normal; in heart failure, especially biventricular, it is often reduced.
D. Biventricular heart failure means both ventricles are impaired, often resulting in a significantly reduced ejection fraction and poor cardiac function.
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