What compensatory mechanism involved in both chronic heart failure and decompensated heart failure leads to fluid retention and edema?
Ventricular fibrillation
Increased ICP
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation
Atrial flutter
The Correct Answer is C
A. Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia, not a compensatory mechanism for heart failure.
B. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is unrelated to heart failure compensation.
C. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in heart failure to maintain blood pressure and perfusion. This leads to sodium and water retention, causing fluid buildup and edema.
D. Atrial flutter is a cardiac arrhythmia, not a compensatory mechanism causing fluid retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia, not a compensatory mechanism for heart failure.
B. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is unrelated to heart failure compensation.
C. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in heart failure to maintain blood pressure and perfusion. This leads to sodium and water retention, causing fluid buildup and edema.
D. Atrial flutter is a cardiac arrhythmia, not a compensatory mechanism causing fluid retention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While the brainstem does influence cardiovascular function, brainstem compression affects multiple critical systems, not just cardiovascular.
B. The medulla oblongata in the brainstem contains the respiratory control centers. Compression can disrupt respiratory drive, leading to respiratory arrest, making this the correct answer.
C. The gastrointestinal system is not primarily affected by brainstem compression.
D. This is false, as brainstem compression severely affects respiratory function due to involvement of respiratory centers.
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