What complications are individuals with diabetes mellitus at an increased risk for developing? (Select all that apply)

Choice A rationale

Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when a person’s kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid—dilute and odorless. In most people, the kidneys pass about 1 to 2 quarts of urine a day. In people with diabetes insipidus, the kidneys can pass 3 to 20 quarts of urine a day. As a result, a person with diabetes insipidus may feel the need to drink large amounts of liquids.

Choice B rationale

Overproduction of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), not diabetes insipidus.

Choice C rationale

Overproduction of insulin can lead to hypoglycemia, not diabetes insipidus.

Choice D rationale

Insufficient insulin production leads to diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.

Choice A rationale

An exaggerated stress response in a client with type 1 diabetes would not cause higher blood sugar readings through the release of insulin. In fact, stress tends to increase blood sugar levels.

Choice B rationale

The release of glucocorticoids during stress does not typically cause lower blood sugar readings. Glucocorticoids tend to raise blood sugar levels.

Choice C rationale

An exaggerated stress response can cause higher blood sugar readings through the release of glucocorticoids. Stress hormones like glucocorticoids interfere with insulin’s ability to move glucose from the blood into the cells, leading to an increase in blood sugar levels.

Choice D rationale

An exaggerated stress response would not cause lower blood sugar readings through the release of insulin. Stress typically raises, not lowers, blood sugar levels.