What concept is the focus of Nola Pender’s nursing model?

Choice A rationale
Independent thinking is a necessary component of critical thinking; however, it refers to the ability to think for oneself and make one’s own decisions. It doesn’t directly relate to a nursing student confidently communicating with a patient before performing a procedure for the first time.
Choice B rationale
Confidence is a critical thinking attitude that involves believing in one’s own abilities and knowledge. A nursing student confidently communicating with a patient before performing a procedure for the first time demonstrates this attitude.
Choice C rationale
Fairness in critical thinking involves considering all viewpoints and treating them equally. It doesn’t directly relate to a nursing student confidently communicating with a patient before performing a procedure for the first time.
Choice D rationale
Creativity in critical thinking involves thinking outside the box and coming up with innovative solutions. It doesn’t directly relate to a nursing student confidently communicating with a patient before performing a procedure for the first time.

Choice A rationale
This statement is more about describing the specific situation (the “D” in DESC) rather than expressing the nurse’s concerns (the “E” in DESC). It’s important to note that the DESC tool stands for Describe, Express, State, and Consequences. In this context, the nurse is merely stating what happened, not expressing how it made them feel or the impact it had on them.
Choice B rationale
This statement accurately represents the “E” component of the DESC tool, which stands for "Express your concerns"12. In this scenario, the nurse is expressing their feelings about the physician’s behavior and its impact on them. They’re stating how the physician’s actions made them feel uncomfortable, especially in front of other staff members and the patient. This is a crucial step in the DESC process as it allows the individual to express their feelings and concerns about the situation.
Choice C rationale
This statement is more aligned with the “S” component of the DESC tool, which stands for "State other alternatives"12. Here, the nurse is suggesting a different way for the physician to express their concerns in the future. While this is an important part of the DESC process, it does not represent the “E” component.
Choice D rationale
This statement represents the “C” component of the DESC tool, which stands for "Consequences stated"12. In this context, the nurse is outlining the potential outcomes if they cannot agree on an alternative approach. While this is a crucial step in the DESC process, it does not represent the “E” component.