What does cardiac output measure?
Blood pumped into a ventricle in one minute
Blood pumped into the atria in one minute
Blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
Blood pumped out of an atrium in one minute
The Correct Answer is C
A. Blood pumped into a ventricle in one minute: This describes venous return but not cardiac output.
B. Blood pumped into the atria in one minute: Cardiac output measures blood leaving the heart, not entering the atria.
C. Blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute: Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected per beat) by heart rate.
D. Blood pumped out of an atrium in one minute: This describes atrial function but is not related to the definition of cardiac output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lysozyme within tears destroy bacteria.: Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears that helps to break down the cell walls of bacteria, acting as a chemical barrier and part of the innate immune system's first line of defense.
B. Chemotaxis attracts phagocytes to the site where the pathogen invaded.: This is part of the inflammatory response, which occurs after the first line of defense has been breached; therefore, it is not considered a first line of defense action.
C. Natural killer cells are the first lymphocytes to react to infection.: While natural killer cells play an essential role in the immune response, they are part of the second line of defense and respond after pathogens have entered the body.
D. Phagocytes ingest microbes when they enter the body.: This is part of the second line of defense, as phagocytes respond to pathogens that have breached the first line of defense, which includes physical and chemical barriers.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Mouth: Digestion in the mouth is primarily due to amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates, not trypsin.
B. Stomach: Trypsin is produced as trypsinogen in the pancreas and is activated in the small intestine. While trypsin is crucial for digestion, it is important in the small intestine.
C. Large intestine: The large intestine is mainly involved in water absorption, not digestion by enzymes like trypsin.
D. Oesophagus: The esophagus transports food but does not produce enzymes like trypsin.
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