What does P < .05 mean?
The result is not significant for most nursing research, which requires more rigor.
There is a 1-in-5 chance of the result occurring again by chance alone.
The researcher is 95% confident that the result did not happen randomly.
Only 5 out of 100 nursing research studies would report this result as significant.
The Correct Answer is C
A. This statement is incorrect because a p-value less than .05 typically indicates statistical significance in nursing research.
B. This statement is incorrect because it misinterprets the meaning of p < .05. It does not mean that there is a 1-in-5 chance of the result occurring by chance alone.
C. A p-value less than .05 indicates that there is less than a 5% chance that the observed result occurred due to random chance. Therefore, the researcher can be 95% confident that the result did not happen randomly.
D. This statement is incorrect because it misinterprets the meaning of p < .05. It does not mean that only 5 out of 100 nursing research studies would report this result as significant.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Longitudinal studies follow the same group of subjects over a long period, which may not be feasible or practical for investigating the immediate effects of teaching.
B. Experimental designs involve the manipulation of an independent variable (teaching about nutrition, wound care, and maintenance of normal blood sugar levels) to observe its effects on a dependent variable (such as knowledge retention or behavior change). This design allows for the comparison of outcomes between a group that receives the intervention and a control group, providing the best indication of the effects of the teaching intervention.
C. Cross-sectional studies examine different groups at a single point in time and may not provide the best indication of the effects of teaching over time.
D. Descriptive studies aim to describe characteristics or behaviors of a population but do not typically involve interventions or manipulation of variables.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This describes a systematic sampling method, not snowball sampling.
B. Snowball sampling involves recruiting participants who then refer others who meet the criteria, creating a chain or "snowball" effect.
C. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling from each subgroup.
D. This describes a form of purposive sampling, where participants are selected based on specific criteria. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from existing participants.
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