While a study is in progress that is designed to analyze the effects of three types of assistive devices used by clients with Parkinson's disease when ambulating, a new walker is introduced to the market and several of the subjects begin using the new walker.
Based on this occurrence, which statement is accurate?
A measurement error has occurred and a new sample should be obtained for the study using a double-blind approach to enhance randomization.
Manipulation of the dependent variable poses a threat to the external validity of the study, so inferences from the study are applicable to the sample only.
A threat to the internal validity of the study has occurred because a factor outside those examined may have affected the outcome or dependent variable.
Because a selection bias has occurred, inferences made from the analysis of findings cannot be applied to the entire Parkinson's population at large.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
A measurement error does not seem to be the primary issue in this scenario. While improving randomization through a double-blind approach can enhance the study's internal validity, the core problem here is not a measurement error but the introduction of a new walker, which could introduce confounding variables.
Choice B rationale:
While manipulation of the dependent variable can indeed pose a threat to external validity, it is not the primary concern in this case. The primary issue is the potential for confounding due to the introduction of a new walker, which affects the study's internal validity.
Choice C rationale:
This is the correct answer. The introduction of a new walker is an external factor that was not controlled for in the study. It can introduce confounding variables that affect the study's internal validity. Therefore, a threat to internal validity has occurred.
Choice D rationale:
Selection bias is not the primary issue here. The primary concern is the introduction of a new walker affecting the study's internal validity. Selection bias pertains to the process of selecting subjects and does not directly address the impact of the new walker on the study's validity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Evidence-based practice. Rationale: The unit's client care requirements are evidence-based practice because they are based on the findings of several multi-institutional studies that demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in IV-related septicemia rates when both alcohol and iodine were used as cleansers. Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available evidence from research into clinical decision-making and care protocols.
Choice A rationale:
Outcome-oriented process is not the most accurate description. While the process aims to achieve specific outcomes (reduction in IV-related septicemia rates), the emphasis is on using evidence-based practices to achieve those outcomes.
Choice C rationale:
Theory-based practice is not the primary focus. The unit's practice is primarily driven by empirical evidence from research studies rather than a specific theoretical framework.
Choice D rationale:
Standards-related process is not the primary description. While the practice aligns with standards of care, the key aspect is its evidence-based nature, which goes beyond adherence to standards.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This is the correct answer. A cross-sectional study design involves collecting data from a sample of participants at a single point in time. In this case, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each child in one school was measured one time at the end of a school year, making it a cross-sectional study.
Choice B rationale:
A quasi-experimental design typically involves an intervention or treatment, which is not described in this scenario. Quasi-experimental studies also often involve multiple measurements over time.
Choice C rationale:
Comparative studies typically involve comparing two or more groups or conditions but may include multiple measurements over time. The scenario describes a single measurement at the end of the school year.
Choice D rationale:
A prospective study typically involves following participants over time, collecting data at multiple points in the future. This scenario involves a single measurement at one point in time.
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