What effect does valvular regurgitation have on a patient?

Causes fever and malaise.

There is a backward flow blood and volume overload in the preceding chamber.

Causes the body to have an autoimmune reaction which impacts the connective tissue of the heart.

There is narrowing of the vessel causing an increase in cardiac output

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Valvular regurgitation itself does not typically cause fever and malaise. These symptoms might be associated with an underlying infection, such as endocarditis, which can be a complication of valvular regurgitation, but they are not direct effects of the regurgitation itself.
B.   This statement accurately describes one of the primary effects of valvular regurgitation. When a valve does not close properly, blood flows backward into the chamber from which it came. This backward flow

leads to volume overload in that chamber, as it receives extra blood that should have moved forward into the next chamber or artery.
C.   Valvular regurgitation does not cause an autoimmune reaction affecting the connective tissue of the heart. Autoimmune reactions related to heart valves are typically associated with conditions like rheumatic fever, which can cause damage to the heart valves and lead to regurgitation, but the regurgitation itself is not an autoimmune reaction.
D.   This statement describes a condition known as stenosis, not regurgitation. Stenosis is the narrowing of a heart valve or vessel that restricts blood flow and can lead to increased cardiac output to overcome the obstruction.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Monitoring the client’s back pain is important to assess the severity and progression of symptoms, especially since AAA can be associated with back pain. However, this intervention alone is not sufficient given the severity of the symptoms and the critical nature of the condition.
B. Analyzing the complete blood count (CBC) results is important, especially in the context of potential bleeding or internal hemorrhage. The patient's hemoglobin is slightly low (11 g/dL compared to the normal range of 14 to 18 g/dL), which could indicate bleeding or anemia.
C. Given the presence of a 4 cm AAA and symptoms that could indicate a worsening condition, preparing the client for emergency surgery may be necessary, especially if there is concern about rupture or if the aneurysm is symptomatic. Surgery is often required for larger or symptomatic AAAs to prevent rupture and manage the risk.
D. If the client shows signs of significant bleeding or if further testing indicates a need for blood replacement, obtaining packed cells for transfusion would be an appropriate intervention. The low hemoglobin level suggests that monitoring for possible need for transfusion is important, especially if there is internal bleeding or if the client’s condition deteriorates.
E. Administering antihypertensive medication is important in managing hypertension, which can contribute to the risk of aneurysm rupture. The patient’s elevated heart rate and blood pressure readings are concerning, and controlling blood pressure can help reduce stress on the aneurysm. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, has been prescribed, which is appropriate for managing hypertension and reducing the risk of complications.
F. Insertion of an arterial line may be necessary for continuous monitoring of blood pressure, especially in critical situations or if surgery is imminent. It allows for precise measurement of blood pressure and frequent blood sampling.
G. While smoking cessation is important for long-term cardiovascular health and managing risk factors associated with aneurysms, it is less urgent in the immediate setting of acute care. Education on smoking cessation should be part of discharge planning and long-term management.
H. Educating the patient about the signs of an increasing aneurysm, such as worsening pain, changes in vital signs, or signs of rupture (e.g., severe abdominal or back pain, hypotension), is important for long- term management. However, in the acute phase, immediate interventions and monitoring are prioritized.

A. The patient had a recent upper respiratory infection. B. The patient has a family history of coronary artery disease. C. The patient's 29-yr-old brother died from a sudden cardiac arrest. D. The patient reports using cocaine "a few times" as a teenager.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While a recent upper respiratory infection might be relevant to overall health and could potentially influence cardiac symptoms, it is not as directly pertinent to the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. HCM is primarily a genetic condition affecting the heart muscle, and a recent infection does not significantly impact the primary concerns related to HCM.
B. A family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be relevant, but it is less directly related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than other factors. CAD involves the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries and can lead to other cardiac issues, but HCM is more specifically associated with genetic factors and structural heart abnormalities rather than CAD.
C. This information is very important for planning care for the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A family history of sudden cardiac death, particularly at a young age, raises significant concerns about the genetic nature of the condition and the potential for similar outcomes.
D. Cocaine use can have serious cardiovascular effects and might contribute to other heart issues, but its relevance in the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is less direct. While substance abuse is a concern, it is not as critical in understanding or managing the risk associated with HCM compared to a family history of sudden cardiac arrest.

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What effect does valvular regurgitation have on a patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department Exhibits Which of the following interventions should the nurse expect when planning care for this client? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a 24-year-old patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which information obtained by the nurse is most important in planning care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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What effect does valvular regurgitation have on a patient?

What should the nurse teach the patient who has endocarditis about preventing recurrence of the infections?