What effect does valvular regurgitation have on a patient?

Causes fever and malaise.

There is a backward flow blood and volume overload in the preceding chamber.

Causes the body to have an autoimmune reaction which impacts the connective tissue of the heart.

There is narrowing of the vessel causing an increase in cardiac output

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Valvular regurgitation itself does not typically cause fever and malaise. These symptoms might be associated with an underlying infection, such as endocarditis, which can be a complication of valvular regurgitation, but they are not direct effects of the regurgitation itself.
B.   This statement accurately describes one of the primary effects of valvular regurgitation. When a valve does not close properly, blood flows backward into the chamber from which it came. This backward flow

leads to volume overload in that chamber, as it receives extra blood that should have moved forward into the next chamber or artery.
C.   Valvular regurgitation does not cause an autoimmune reaction affecting the connective tissue of the heart. Autoimmune reactions related to heart valves are typically associated with conditions like rheumatic fever, which can cause damage to the heart valves and lead to regurgitation, but the regurgitation itself is not an autoimmune reaction.
D.   This statement describes a condition known as stenosis, not regurgitation. Stenosis is the narrowing of a heart valve or vessel that restricts blood flow and can lead to increased cardiac output to overcome the obstruction.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While a recent upper respiratory infection might be relevant to overall health and could potentially influence cardiac symptoms, it is not as directly pertinent to the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. HCM is primarily a genetic condition affecting the heart muscle, and a recent infection does not significantly impact the primary concerns related to HCM.
B. A family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be relevant, but it is less directly related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than other factors. CAD involves the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries and can lead to other cardiac issues, but HCM is more specifically associated with genetic factors and structural heart abnormalities rather than CAD.
C. This information is very important for planning care for the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A family history of sudden cardiac death, particularly at a young age, raises significant concerns about the genetic nature of the condition and the potential for similar outcomes.
D. Cocaine use can have serious cardiovascular effects and might contribute to other heart issues, but its relevance in the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is less direct. While substance abuse is a concern, it is not as critical in understanding or managing the risk associated with HCM compared to a family history of sudden cardiac arrest.

A. Pneumonia B. Myocardial infarction C. Pneumothorax D. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs and is not a direct complication of pericardiocentesis. While pneumonia can occur in patients with pericarditis, it is not typically a result of the pericardiocentesis procedure itself.
B. A myocardial infarction (heart attack) is due to a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. While pericardiocentesis involves the pericardial space, not the coronary arteries, and is unlikely to directly cause a myocardial infarction, manipulation or trauma to the heart during the procedure could potentially impact coronary circulation indirectly. However, this is a less common complication compared to others listed.
C. A pneumothorax (air in the pleural space) is a significant complication to monitor for during pericardiocentesis. During the procedure, the needle may inadvertently puncture the lung or pleura, leading to air entering the pleural space.
D. A cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is caused by a disruption in blood flow to the brain. While not a direct complication of pericardiocentesis, severe hypotension or other complications related to the procedure could potentially lead to systemic effects, including a CVA. However, this is less common compared to complications directly related to the procedure itself.

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What effect does valvular regurgitation have on a patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a 24-year-old patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which information obtained by the nurse is most important in planning care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The patient with acute pericarditis is having a pericardiocentesis. What complication should the nurse monitor the patient for?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse obtains a health history from an older adult with a prosthetic mitral valve who has symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE). Which question by the nurse helps identify a risk factor for IE?

A nurse is caring for a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following manifestations is the priority for the nurse to monitor for?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has suspected cardiac tamponade. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to order first?

A patient has been diagnosed with Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse recognizes the need for antibiotic therapy to help prevent the development of which serious condition

A patient is admitted with suspected cardiomyopathy. What diagnostic test would be most helpful with the identification of this disorder?

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pericarditis. What serious complication should this patient be monitored for?

When teaching a patient about the long-term consequences of rheumatic fever, the nurse should discuss the possibility of

Which action should the nurse include in a community health program to decrease the incidence of rheumatic fever?