What is a function of the nervous system?
Contracts and generates a force to cause bodily motion
Controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting electrical signals
Produces hormones that directly contract skeletal muscle
Stores nutrients for energy use during muscle contraction
The Correct Answer is B
The nervous system is a highly specialized communication network responsible for detecting internal and external stimuli, processing information, and coordinating appropriate responses. It is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia). Its primary mode of communication is rapid electrical signaling via neurons, which allows precise control of bodily functions. This system works closely with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
A. Contracts and generates a force to cause bodily motion: contraction and force generation are functions of the muscular system, not the nervous system. Skeletal muscles contract in response to neural stimulation, but they are the effectors rather than the controllers. The nervous system only initiates and regulates these contractions. This describes muscle function rather than neural function.
B. Controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting electrical signals: the nervous system regulates body functions through rapid transmission of electrical impulses along neurons. These signals allow communication between different parts of the body and enable coordination of movement, sensation, and autonomic processes. The brain and spinal cord integrate information and generate appropriate responses. This makes the nervous system the primary control and coordination system of the body.
C. Produces hormones that directly contract skeletal muscle: hormone production is primarily the role of the endocrine system, not the nervous system. While some endocrine glands are regulated by the nervous system (e.g., hypothalamus and pituitary), hormones themselves do not directly cause skeletal muscle contraction. Muscle contraction is triggered by motor neuron stimulation via neurotransmitters, not hormones.
D. Stores nutrients for energy use during muscle contraction: nutrient storage is primarily the function of tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Glycogen and fat serve as energy reserves, but this is not a function of the nervous system. The nervous system may regulate metabolic activity but does not store energy substrates. This option describes metabolic storage functions rather than neural activity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The facial skeleton is composed of several paired and unpaired bones that form the architecture of the orbits, nasal cavity, and oral cavity. The bone marked with an "X" in represents a central structural element of the midface, serving as the foundation for the upper teeth and contributing to the floor of the nasal cavity. Understanding the complex articulations of these facial bones is critical for clinicians evaluating facial structure, dental alignment, and potential fractures of the midface region.
A. The nasal bones are a pair of small, rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose. They are located superior to the area marked with an "X" . While they are part of the nasal region, the marked area is situated lower, on the alveolar process of the upper jaw, which is distinct from the nasal bridge.
B. The vomer is an unpaired, thin, plow-shaped bone that forms the posterior and inferior part of the nasal septum. It is situated deep within the nasal cavity and is not visible from this external anterior view of the skull. The mark "X" is placed on the external surface of the facial skeleton, not deep within the midline nasal structure.
C. The maxilla is the correct identification for the structure marked with an "X". This bone forms the entire upper jaw, the majority of the hard palate, and the lower margins of the nasal aperture. The area indicated is the alveolar process of the maxilla, which contains the sockets (alveoli) for the upper teeth, confirming its role as the primary bone of the midface.
D. The mandible is the lower jaw bone and is the only mobile bone of the skull. It is located inferior to the maxilla and is separated from it by the oral cavity. Because the area marked with the "X" is firmly attached to the midface region above the upper teeth, it is anatomically separate from the mandible.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The marked structure is the femur, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh. It extends from the hip joint proximally to the knee joint distally, forming the primary weight-bearing structure of the lower limb. The femur plays a crucial role in locomotion, balance, and force transmission from the pelvis to the leg. It also provides extensive attachment sites for muscles involved in hip and knee movement.
A. Tibia: The tibia is the larger, medial bone of the lower leg that carries most of the body’s weight. It articulates with the femur at the knee joint and with the talus at the ankle joint. Compared to the femur, it is located distal to the thigh and is part of the leg rather than the upper portion of the lower limb.
B. Patella: The patella is a small sesamoid bone embedded within the quadriceps tendon at the front of the knee. Its primary function is to improve leverage during knee extension and protect the knee joint. Unlike the femur, it is a small, anterior bone rather than a long weight-bearing shaft.
C. Fibula: The fibula is the slender lateral bone of the lower leg that runs parallel to the tibia. It contributes to ankle stability and muscle attachment but does not bear significant body weight. Compared to the femur, it is much thinner and located in the lower leg rather than the thigh.
D. Femur: The femur is the proximal long bone of the lower limb, extending from the hip to the knee joint. It supports body weight during standing, walking, and running through its articulation with the pelvis and tibia. It also provides major muscle attachment sites for hip flexors, extensors, and adductors. The marked structure is a large, central thigh bone, it corresponds to the femur.
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