What is the primary action of aldosterone in the nephron?
Increasing sodium reabsorption
Enhancing potassium reabsorption
Blocking renin secretion
Promoting water excretion
The Correct Answer is A
A. Increasing sodium reabsorption: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts to increase sodium reabsorption, which leads to water retention and increased blood volume.
B. Enhancing potassium reabsorption: Aldosterone causes potassium excretion, not reabsorption.
C. Blocking renin secretion: Aldosterone is part of the RAAS pathway and does not block renin.
D. Promoting water excretion: Aldosterone indirectly promotes water retention, not excretion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased alveolar ventilation: In pneumonia, ventilation is actually decreased in the affected areas because the alveoli are filled with fluid/pus.
B. Impaired alveolar gas exchange: Pneumonia causes inflammatory fluid and exudate to fill the alveoli, creating a physical barrier that prevents oxygen from reaching the blood.
C. Decreased alveolar perfusion: Perfusion (blood flow) often continues, but because the alveoli aren't ventilated, blood leaves the area unoxygenated (shunting).
D. Enhanced diffusion of carbon dioxide: Diffusion is impaired, not enhanced.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Impaired diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane: In COPD (specifically emphysema), the walls of the alveoli are destroyed, which decreases the surface area available for gas exchange and impairs the diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
B. Decreased pulmonary capillary blood flow: While vascular changes can occur, the primary hallmark of COPD is airway obstruction and alveolar destruction, not a primary lack of blood flow.
C. Increased alveolar surface area: COPD decreases surface area due to the destruction of alveolar sacs.
D. Enhanced ventilation-perfusion ratio: COPD causes a mismatch (V/Q mismatch), not an "enhanced" or improved ratio.
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