The nurse is performing an eye assessment on an 80-year-old patient. Which of these findings is considered abnormal?

Decrease in tear production

Unequal pupillary constriction in response to light

Loss of the outer hair on the eyebrows attributable to a decrease in hair follicles

Presence of arcus senilis observed around the cornea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decrease in tear production: This is a common age-related change and is not considered abnormal.

B. Unequal pupillary constriction: Correct. Unequal pupillary constriction (anisocoria) is not normal and may indicate neurological issues.

C. Loss of outer eyebrow hair: This is a normal age-related change due to decreased hair follicles.

D. Arcus senilis: This is a common finding in older adults and is typically benign, caused by lipid deposits around the cornea.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Change in cilia: This is not the cause of dry, flaky cerumen. It would not be typical to assess hearing loss based on this observation alone.

B. Poor hygiene: Dry, flaky cerumen is not indicative of poor hygiene. Hygiene-related cerumen would more likely be wet and impacted.

C. Lesions from eczema: While eczema can affect the ear canal, the dry cerumen itself is more likely to be a normal characteristic for some individuals, particularly in people of Asian descent.

D. Normal finding: The presence of dry, flaky cerumen is normal in certain ethnic groups, including East Asians, and usually requires no follow-up.

A. "We need to determine the areas of tenderness before using percussion and palpation." B. "Auscultation allows the patient more time to relax and therefore be more comfortable with the physical examination." C. "Auscultation prevents distortion of bowel sounds that might occur after percussion and palpation." D. "Auscultation prevents distortion of vascular sounds, such as bruits and hums, that might occur after percussion and palpation."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Determine areas of tenderness: While identifying tenderness is important, it is not the reason for auscultating first.

B. Allows the patient to relax: Relaxation is helpful but not the primary reason for the sequence.

C. Prevents distortion of bowel sounds: Percussion and palpation can stimulate or suppress bowel sounds, leading to inaccurate findings if performed before auscultation.

D. Prevents distortion of vascular sounds: Vascular sounds (bruits) are less likely to be affected by percussion or palpation.

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The nurse is performing an eye assessment on an 80-year-old patient. Which of these findings is considered abnormal?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

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