What measurement is the normal range for cardiac output in adults?
0.5-1 L/min
10-12 L/min
4-6 L/min
15-20 L/min
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
The range of 0.5-1 L/min is significantly lower than the normal cardiac output for adults. Such low values could indicate severe heart failure or other critical conditions where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs.
Choice B Reason:
A cardiac output of 10-12 L/min is higher than the normal range for adults at rest. This level of cardiac output might be seen during intense physical activity or in conditions like hyperthyroidism, where the heart pumps more blood to meet increased metabolic demands.
Choice C Reason:
The normal range for cardiac output in adults is typically between 4-6 L/min. This range represents the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute at rest, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues and organs. Cardiac output can vary based on factors such as age, body size, and physical activity.
Choice D Reason:
A cardiac output of 15-20 L/min is extremely high and would generally be seen only during extreme physical exertion or in pathological conditions. Such high values are not typical for resting adults and indicate a state of increased cardiac demand.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Reduced blood pressure is not a specific complication of infective endocarditis. While hypotension can occur in severe cases due to septic shock, it is not a hallmark of the disease. Infective endocarditis primarily affects the heart valves and can lead to embolic events, heart failure, and other complications.
Choice B Reason:
Osler's nodes are a classic sign of infective endocarditis. These are painful, red or purple, raised lesions found on the hands and feet. They are caused by immune complex deposition and are indicative of the systemic nature of the infection. Their presence can help in the clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
Choice C Reason:
Clear lung sounds are not a complication of infective endocarditis. In fact, clear lung sounds would generally indicate that there is no pulmonary involvement or congestion. Complications of infective endocarditis are more likely to involve the heart, kidneys, and other organs through embolic events.
Choice D Reason:
Increased appetite is not associated with infective endocarditis. Patients with this condition often experience symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and weight loss due to the chronic infection. Increased appetite would be an unusual finding and not related to the disease process.
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Neck vein distention is a common finding in patients with mitral valve insufficiency. This condition leads to increased pressure in the left atrium, which can back up into the pulmonary veins and subsequently the right side of the heart, causing jugular venous distention.
Choice B Reason:
Splenomegaly is not typically associated with mitral valve insufficiency. It is more commonly seen in conditions like liver disease, hematologic disorders, and infections. Mitral valve insufficiency primarily affects the heart and lungs rather than the spleen.
Choice C Reason:
Petechiae are small, red or purple spots caused by bleeding into the skin. They are not a common finding in mitral valve insufficiency. Petechiae are more often associated with conditions that affect platelet function or coagulation, such as thrombocytopenia or vasculitis.
Choice D Reason:
An S4 heart sound, also known as an atrial gallop, can be heard in patients with mitral valve insufficiency. This sound occurs due to the atria contracting forcefully to overcome a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle, which is often a result of chronic pressure overload from the regurgitant flow.
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