What measurement is the normal range for cardiac output in adults?

0.5-1 L/min

10-12 L/min

4-6 L/min

15-20 L/min

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:
The range of 0.5-1 L/min is significantly lower than the normal cardiac output for adults. Such low values could indicate severe heart failure or other critical conditions where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs.

Choice B Reason:
A cardiac output of 10-12 L/min is higher than the normal range for adults at rest. This level of cardiac output might be seen during intense physical activity or in conditions like hyperthyroidism, where the heart pumps more blood to meet increased metabolic demands.

Choice C Reason:
The normal range for cardiac output in adults is typically between 4-6 L/min. This range represents the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute at rest, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues and organs. Cardiac output can vary based on factors such as age, body size, and physical activity.

Choice D Reason:
A cardiac output of 15-20 L/min is extremely high and would generally be seen only during extreme physical exertion or in pathological conditions. Such high values are not typical for resting adults and indicate a state of increased cardiac demand.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
0.9% sodium chloride is an isotonic crystalloid solution often used for fluid resuscitation. However, it is not the preferred choice for burn patients because it lacks the necessary electrolytes to replace those lost through burn injuries. While it can be used if Lactated Ringer's is unavailable, it does not provide the same balanced electrolyte composition.

Choice B Reason:
Lactated Ringer's is the preferred fluid for initial resuscitation in burn patients. It is an isotonic crystalloid solution that closely mimics the body's plasma, providing essential electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate. The lactate in the solution acts as a buffer, helping to correct metabolic acidosis, which is common in burn patients. The Parkland formula, widely used for calculating fluid needs in burn patients, specifically recommends Lactated Ringer's for the first 24 hours.

Choice C Reason:
Dextrose 5% in water is a hypotonic solution that provides free water and calories but lacks electrolytes. It is not suitable for initial fluid resuscitation in burn patients because it does not address the electrolyte imbalances and large fluid shifts that occur after a burn injury. Using this solution could lead to further complications such as hyponatremia.

Choice D Reason:
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution that provides both glucose and electrolytes. However, it is not typically used for initial burn resuscitation because the high glucose content can lead to hyperglycemia, which is detrimental to burn patients. Additionally, the solution's osmolarity can exacerbate fluid shifts and worsen edema.

Correct Answer is ["20"]

Explanation

Step-by-Step Calculation:

Step 1: Identify the prescribed dose.

1000 units per hour

Step 2: Identify the concentration of heparin in the IV bag.

25,000 units in 500 mL

Step 3: Calculate the concentration of heparin per mL.

25,000 units ÷ 500 mL = 50 units/mL

Result = 50 units/mL

Step 4: Calculate the IV pump rate in mL/hr.

1000 units per hour ÷ 50 units/mL = 20 mL/hr

Result = 20 mL/hr

Final Result:

The IV pump should be set to 20 mL/hr.

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What measurement is the normal range for cardiac output in adults?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is monitoring the fluid replacement of a client who has sustained burns. The nurse should administer which of the following fluids in the first 24 hours following a burn injury?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Administer heparin 1000 units per hour IV. The pharmacy supplies the heparin infusion as 25,000 units in 500 mL D5W. What will the IV pump be set to? Please include the unit of measures.

Correct Answer is ["20"]

Explanation

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