Which of the following factors directly affects stroke volume?

Choice A Reason:
Narrowing pulse pressure is not typically associated with contusions from a motor-vehicle crash. It is more commonly seen in conditions like cardiac tamponade or severe blood loss. While it can indicate a serious condition, it is not a direct result of a contusion.

Choice B Reason:
Drainage of clear fluid from the ears, known as otorrhea, can indicate a basilar skull fracture rather than a simple contusion. This finding suggests cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which is a serious complication requiring immediate medical attention.

Choice C Reason:
Periods of unconsciousness and/or confusion are expected findings in clients with contusions, especially if the brain is involved. These symptoms indicate a concussion or more severe brain injury, which can result from the impact of a motor-vehicle crash.

Choice D Reason:
Extensive bruising in the mastoid area, known as Battle's sign, is indicative of a basilar skull fracture rather than a contusion. This type of bruising appears behind the ear and is a sign of a more severe head injury.

Choice A Reason:
Difficulty swallowing is a critical finding in a client with burns to the face, ears, and eyelids. This symptom can indicate airway edema or obstruction, which is a life-threatening condition. Burns in these areas can cause significant swelling, leading to compromised airways. Immediate intervention is required to secure the airway and prevent respiratory failure.

Choice B Reason:
Pain of 6 on a scale of 0 to 10 is important to manage for patient comfort and to prevent complications related to pain, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure. However, it is not the immediate priority over potential airway compromise. Pain management can be addressed once the airway is secured.

Choice C Reason:
A heart rate of 122/min indicates tachycardia, which can be a response to pain, stress, or hypovolemia. While it is important to monitor and manage, it is not as immediately life-threatening as airway obstruction. Tachycardia can be addressed after ensuring the airway is clear.

Choice D Reason:
Urinary output of 25 mL/hr is below the normal range (typically 30-50 mL/hr) and can indicate dehydration or renal impairment. While this is a concerning finding, it is not the immediate priority compared to securing the airway. Fluid resuscitation and renal function can be managed once the airway is stabilized.