What medical term is used to identify a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder?

Choice A reason: Vasodilation increases blood flow, causing redness and heat, but doesn’t directly cause fluid leakage. Increased capillary permeability allows fluid to escape into tissues, causing edema, so this is incorrect for the primary cause of inflammatory edema.

Choice B reason: Increased capillary permeability, triggered by inflammatory mediators, allows plasma to leak into tissues, causing edema. This is the primary mechanism during inflammation, making it the correct choice for the cause of edema in the process.

Choice C reason: Neutrophil emigration fights infection but doesn’t directly cause fluid accumulation. Capillary permeability changes lead to edema, so this is incorrect for the cause of swelling in inflammation.

Choice D reason: Endothelial cell contraction contributes to permeability but is a secondary mechanism. Increased capillary permeability is the overarching process causing fluid leakage and edema, so this is less precise and incorrect.

Choice A reason: Extending red blood cell lifespan is not a goal in polycythemia vera, where excessive red cell production increases blood viscosity. Treatment aims to reduce cell mass, not prolong cell life, as this would worsen hyperviscosity, making this an incorrect goal.

Choice B reason: Reducing the mean size of red blood cells is irrelevant, as polycythemia vera involves increased red cell count, not size. Treatment focuses on lowering hematocrit to decrease viscosity, not altering cell dimensions, making this an incorrect treatment goal.

Choice C reason: Reducing blood viscosity is the primary goal in polycythemia vera, achieved through phlebotomy or myelosuppressive therapy to lower red cell mass. This alleviates symptoms like itching and prevents thrombotic complications, directly addressing the disease’s pathophysiology, making this correct.

Choice D reason: Controlling hypertension is a secondary concern in polycythemia vera, often resulting from increased blood volume. While managed, the primary goal is reducing blood viscosity to prevent complications, as hypertension is a symptom, not the root cause, making this incorrect.