Mrs. Bone is Caucasian, weighs 128 lb, and is 5 foot 3 inches tall. Given her family history, she is a good example of the part that genetics plays in a person’s peak bone mass. She is 68 years of age and postmenopausal. What are risk factors you see with Mrs. Bone, and for what disorder? (Select all that apply)
Osteosarcoma, age, weight, height, postmenopausal
Osteopenia, age, postmenopausal, race, height, weight
Osteoporosis, age, postmenopausal, race, height, weight
Osteomyelitis, age, weight, height
Mrs. Bone does not have any risk factors
Osteomalacia, age, weight, postmenopausal
Correct Answer : B,C
Choice A reason: Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer, not linked to age, weight, height, or menopausal status. Mrs. Bone’s risk factors (age, race, postmenopausal) align with osteopenia/osteoporosis, not cancer, so this is incorrect for her disorder and risks.
Choice B reason: Osteopenia, low bone density, is likely given Mrs. Bone’s age (68), postmenopausal status, Caucasian race, low weight (128 lb), and height (5’3”). These increase fracture risk, making this a correct choice for her disorder and risk factors.
Choice C reason: Osteoporosis is a risk for Mrs. Bone due to her age, postmenopausal status, Caucasian race, low weight, and height. These factors reduce bone mass, aligning with osteoporosis risk, making this a correct selection for her condition.
Choice D reason: Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, is unrelated to age, weight, or height. Mrs. Bone’s profile matches osteopenia/osteoporosis risk factors, not infection, so this is incorrect for her disorder and associated risks.
Choice E reason: Mrs. Bone has clear risk factors (age, postmenopausal, race, weight, height) for bone density disorders. Stating she has no risk factors ignores her profile, so this is incorrect for her condition and risks.
Choice F reason: Osteomalacia, caused by vitamin D deficiency, is less likely than osteopenia/osteoporosis given her risk factors. Age and postmenopausal status point to bone density issues, so this is incorrect for her primary disorder.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Polycythemia involves an increased erythrocyte count, not a decrease. A low erythrocyte count causes anemia, leading to fatigue or hypoxia, not the neurological symptoms like headaches or dizziness seen in polycythemia, making this an incorrect cause.
Choice B reason: Tissue destruction by macrophages is not a primary feature of polycythemia. It may occur in inflammatory conditions, but polycythemia’s neurological symptoms stem from blood flow changes, not macrophage activity, making this an incorrect cause.
Choice C reason: Increased blood viscosity, due to elevated red blood cell mass in polycythemia, impairs cerebral blood flow, causing neurological symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and confusion. This sluggish circulation directly affects brain perfusion, making it the primary cause of these symptoms.
Choice D reason: Hypoxia occurs in conditions with inadequate oxygen delivery, like anemia or lung disease. Polycythemia increases oxygen-carrying capacity but causes symptoms due to viscous blood flow, not hypoxia, making this an incorrect primary cause.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pulmonary emboli are a priority in ARDS, as they can cause or worsen hypoxemia and lung injury. Emboli block pulmonary arteries, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, a common ARDS trigger, making this the correct condition to assess first.
Choice B reason: Pneumonia may contribute to ARDS but is less urgent than pulmonary emboli, which can rapidly cause life-threatening hypoxia. Emboli are a more immediate concern in ARDS, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acute pulmonary edema is linked to heart failure, not a primary ARDS cause. Pulmonary emboli directly trigger ARDS’s acute lung injury, making this less critical and incorrect for priority assessment.
Choice D reason: Heart failure may cause pulmonary edema but isn’t a primary ARDS trigger. Pulmonary emboli are a more urgent cause of ARDS-related hypoxia, so this is incorrect.
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