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Mrs. Bone is Caucasian, weighs 128 lb, and is 5 foot 3 inches tall. Given her family history, she is a good example of the part that genetics plays in a person’s peak bone mass. She is 68 years of age and postmenopausal. What are risk factors you see with Mrs. Bone, and for what disorder? (Select all that apply)

A.

Osteosarcoma, age, weight, height, postmenopausal

B.

Osteopenia, age, postmenopausal, race, height, weight

C.

Osteoporosis, age, postmenopausal, race, height, weight

D.

Osteomyelitis, age, weight, height

E.

Mrs. Bone does not have any risk factors

F.

Osteomalacia, age, weight, postmenopausal

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

Choice A reason: Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer, not linked to age, weight, height, or menopausal status. Mrs. Bone’s risk factors (age, race, postmenopausal) align with osteopenia/osteoporosis, not cancer, so this is incorrect for her disorder and risks.

Choice B reason: Osteopenia, low bone density, is likely given Mrs. Bone’s age (68), postmenopausal status, Caucasian race, low weight (128 lb), and height (5’3”). These increase fracture risk, making this a correct choice for her disorder and risk factors.

Choice C reason: Osteoporosis is a risk for Mrs. Bone due to her age, postmenopausal status, Caucasian race, low weight, and height. These factors reduce bone mass, aligning with osteoporosis risk, making this a correct selection for her condition.

Choice D reason: Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, is unrelated to age, weight, or height. Mrs. Bone’s profile matches osteopenia/osteoporosis risk factors, not infection, so this is incorrect for her disorder and associated risks.

Choice E reason: Mrs. Bone has clear risk factors (age, postmenopausal, race, weight, height) for bone density disorders. Stating she has no risk factors ignores her profile, so this is incorrect for her condition and risks.

Choice F reason: Osteomalacia, caused by vitamin D deficiency, is less likely than osteopenia/osteoporosis given her risk factors. Age and postmenopausal status point to bone density issues, so this is incorrect for her primary disorder.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: SIADH causes water retention, not loss, leading to sodium dilution from excess fluid. Sodium dilution and water retention are the effects, so sodium dilution with water loss is incorrect for SIADH’s solute impact.

Choice B reason: SIADH does not cause sodium retention or water loss; it retains water, diluting sodium. The correct effect is sodium dilution with water retention, so this is incorrect for the syndrome’s solute effects.

Choice C reason: SIADH results in water retention due to excess ADH, diluting serum sodium levels (hyponatremia). This sodium dilution and water retention are hallmark effects, making this the correct choice for the solute impact.

Choice D reason: SIADH causes water retention, not sodium retention, leading to diluted sodium. Sodium and water retention would increase sodium levels, which doesn’t occur, so this is incorrect for SIADH effects.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Active lifestyle and community engagement are protective, not risk factors, for hip fractures. Small frame and age-related bone loss increase fracture risk, so this misidentifies beneficial factors as risks and is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Active lifestyle and social engagement may reduce risk, but the question asks for risk factors. Small frame and age-related bone loss are primary risks for Ms. Major’s fracture, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Healthy diet and social support are protective, not risk factors. Ms. Major’s small frame and age (60) increase bone density loss, elevating fracture risk, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Small frame and age-related bone density loss (at 60) increase Ms. Major’s hip fracture risk, as lower bone mass and aging weaken bones. These are key risk factors, making this correct.

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