The most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) is:
Hyperperfusion
Caused by ischemia
Nephrotoxic drugs
Urinary tract obstruction
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hyperperfusion, or excessive renal blood flow, is not a common cause of prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI results from reduced renal perfusion, like hypovolemia or hypotension, not increased flow, making this an incorrect cause for the condition.
Choice B reason: Ischemia, due to reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock, is the most common cause of prerenal AKI. It impairs glomerular filtration, leading to acute renal dysfunction, reversible with restored perfusion, making this the correct cause.
Choice C reason: Nephrotoxic drugs cause intrinsic AKI by directly damaging renal tubules, not prerenal AKI, which stems from reduced blood flow. While significant, nephrotoxicity is less common than ischemic causes in prerenal AKI, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Urinary tract obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine outflow, not prerenal AKI, which involves pre-renal hypoperfusion. Obstruction is a distinct mechanism, less frequent than ischemia in prerenal cases, making this an incorrect cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperperfusion, or excessive renal blood flow, is not a common cause of prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI results from reduced renal perfusion, like hypovolemia or hypotension, not increased flow, making this an incorrect cause for the condition.
Choice B reason: Ischemia, due to reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock, is the most common cause of prerenal AKI. It impairs glomerular filtration, leading to acute renal dysfunction, reversible with restored perfusion, making this the correct cause.
Choice C reason: Nephrotoxic drugs cause intrinsic AKI by directly damaging renal tubules, not prerenal AKI, which stems from reduced blood flow. While significant, nephrotoxicity is less common than ischemic causes in prerenal AKI, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Urinary tract obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine outflow, not prerenal AKI, which involves pre-renal hypoperfusion. Obstruction is a distinct mechanism, less frequent than ischemia in prerenal cases, making this an incorrect cause.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Release of inflammatory mediators drives inflammation, not angiogenesis. Pathological angiogenesis is excessive or abnormal vessel growth, often in diseases like cancer, so this is incorrect for the term.
Choice B reason: New vessel formation in response to injury is physiological angiogenesis, not pathological. Pathological angiogenesis involves abnormal, excessive growth, so this is incorrect for the described process.
Choice C reason: Pathological angiogenesis is excessive or abnormal blood vessel growth, seen in conditions like tumors or retinopathy. This matches the definition, making it the correct choice for the term.
Choice D reason: Inhibition of vessel formation is anti-angiogenic, not pathological angiogenesis. Excessive vessel growth defines the pathological state, so this is incorrect for the term.
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