The most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) is:
Hyperperfusion
Caused by ischemia
Nephrotoxic drugs
Urinary tract obstruction
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hyperperfusion, or excessive renal blood flow, is not a common cause of prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI results from reduced renal perfusion, like hypovolemia or hypotension, not increased flow, making this an incorrect cause for the condition.
Choice B reason: Ischemia, due to reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock, is the most common cause of prerenal AKI. It impairs glomerular filtration, leading to acute renal dysfunction, reversible with restored perfusion, making this the correct cause.
Choice C reason: Nephrotoxic drugs cause intrinsic AKI by directly damaging renal tubules, not prerenal AKI, which stems from reduced blood flow. While significant, nephrotoxicity is less common than ischemic causes in prerenal AKI, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Urinary tract obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine outflow, not prerenal AKI, which involves pre-renal hypoperfusion. Obstruction is a distinct mechanism, less frequent than ischemia in prerenal cases, making this an incorrect cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Necrotic bladder implies tissue death, not a nerve-related obstruction. Neurogenic bladder, caused by nerve supply interruption, leads to functional obstruction, making this incorrect for the described condition.
Choice B reason: Neurogenic bladder results from nerve supply interruption, causing dysfunctional bladder control and obstruction. This matches the description of a functional urinary tract issue, making it the correct term.
Choice C reason: Retrograde bladder is not a medical term; retrograde refers to urine backflow. Neurogenic bladder accurately describes nerve-related obstruction, so this is incorrect for the condition.
Choice D reason: Obstructed bladder is vague and not specific to nerve issues. Neurogenic bladder directly addresses nerve supply disruption causing obstruction, making this incorrect for the term.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute pancreatitis is likely, given severe abdominal pain, elevated amylase and lipase, fever, hypotension (89/46 mm Hg), tachycardia (116 bpm), and alcohol history. These are classic signs, with C-reactive protein indicating inflammation, making this the first suspected diagnosis for this patient.
Choice B reason: Cholecystitis causes right upper quadrant pain and fever but is less associated with elevated amylase/lipase or severe hypotension. Pancreatitis aligns better with the patient’s alcohol use, vital signs, and lab results, so this is incorrect as the primary suspicion.
Choice C reason: Hepatitis C may cause liver inflammation but not acute abdominal pain or elevated amylase/lipase. The patient’s acute symptoms, alcohol history, and vital signs point to pancreatitis, not a chronic viral infection, making this incorrect for the first diagnosis.
Choice D reason: Liver cirrhosis is chronic, not acute, and doesn’t typically cause sudden pain or elevated amylase/lipase. Acute pancreatitis matches the patient’s acute presentation, alcohol use, and lab findings, so cirrhosis is incorrect as the initial suspected diagnosis.
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