The most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) is:
Hyperperfusion
Caused by ischemia
Nephrotoxic drugs
Urinary tract obstruction
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hyperperfusion, or excessive renal blood flow, is not a common cause of prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI results from reduced renal perfusion, like hypovolemia or hypotension, not increased flow, making this an incorrect cause for the condition.
Choice B reason: Ischemia, due to reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock, is the most common cause of prerenal AKI. It impairs glomerular filtration, leading to acute renal dysfunction, reversible with restored perfusion, making this the correct cause.
Choice C reason: Nephrotoxic drugs cause intrinsic AKI by directly damaging renal tubules, not prerenal AKI, which stems from reduced blood flow. While significant, nephrotoxicity is less common than ischemic causes in prerenal AKI, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Urinary tract obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine outflow, not prerenal AKI, which involves pre-renal hypoperfusion. Obstruction is a distinct mechanism, less frequent than ischemia in prerenal cases, making this an incorrect cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pulmonary emboli are a priority in ARDS, as they can cause or worsen hypoxemia and lung injury. Emboli block pulmonary arteries, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, a common ARDS trigger, making this the correct condition to assess first.
Choice B reason: Pneumonia may contribute to ARDS but is less urgent than pulmonary emboli, which can rapidly cause life-threatening hypoxia. Emboli are a more immediate concern in ARDS, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acute pulmonary edema is linked to heart failure, not a primary ARDS cause. Pulmonary emboli directly trigger ARDS’s acute lung injury, making this less critical and incorrect for priority assessment.
Choice D reason: Heart failure may cause pulmonary edema but isn’t a primary ARDS trigger. Pulmonary emboli are a more urgent cause of ARDS-related hypoxia, so this is incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) causes isolated thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune platelet destruction, leading to bleeding like petechiae. However, it does not typically cause prolonged PT/aPTT, elevated D-dimer, or DVT, making it inconsistent with Lorretta’s multi-system coagulopathy.
Choice B reason: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) involves microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ damage but typically presents with neurological or renal symptoms, not prolonged PT/aPTT or DVT. Lorretta’s coagulopathy and DVT history better align with another condition, making TTP incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hemophilia, a genetic clotting factor deficiency, causes prolonged aPTT but not thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, or DVT. It primarily affects males and causes joint or muscle bleeds, not diffuse bleeding like Lorretta’s, making this an incorrect diagnosis.
Choice D reason: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) involves widespread clotting and bleeding, causing thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT/aPTT, elevated D-dimer, and petechiae. Lorretta’s DVT history and anticoagulant use may trigger DIC, with leg swelling indicating thrombosis, making this the correct diagnosis.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.