Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?
Redness and heat
Fever and leukocytosis
Pain and edema
Formation of exudates
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Redness and heat are local inflammatory signs, occurring at the injury site due to vasodilation. Systemic manifestations, like fever and leukocytosis, affect the whole body, reflecting immune activation, so this is incorrect for systemic inflammation.
Choice B reason: Fever and leukocytosis are systemic manifestations of inflammation, involving the entire body. Fever results from cytokine release, and leukocytosis indicates increased white blood cells, both reflecting widespread immune response, making this the correct choice for systemic effects.
Choice C reason: Pain and edema are primarily local inflammatory responses, occurring at the site of injury or infection. Systemic effects, like fever and leukocytosis, involve broader physiological changes, so this is incorrect for systemic inflammation manifestations.
Choice D reason: Formation of exudates is a local inflammatory response, involving fluid leakage at the injury site. Systemic manifestations, such as fever and leukocytosis, affect the whole body, so this is incorrect for the systemic category of inflammation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer, not linked to age, weight, height, or menopausal status. Mrs. Bone’s risk factors (age, race, postmenopausal) align with osteopenia/osteoporosis, not cancer, so this is incorrect for her disorder and risks.
Choice B reason: Osteopenia, low bone density, is likely given Mrs. Bone’s age (68), postmenopausal status, Caucasian race, low weight (128 lb), and height (5’3”). These increase fracture risk, making this a correct choice for her disorder and risk factors.
Choice C reason: Osteoporosis is a risk for Mrs. Bone due to her age, postmenopausal status, Caucasian race, low weight, and height. These factors reduce bone mass, aligning with osteoporosis risk, making this a correct selection for her condition.
Choice D reason: Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, is unrelated to age, weight, or height. Mrs. Bone’s profile matches osteopenia/osteoporosis risk factors, not infection, so this is incorrect for her disorder and associated risks.
Choice E reason: Mrs. Bone has clear risk factors (age, postmenopausal, race, weight, height) for bone density disorders. Stating she has no risk factors ignores her profile, so this is incorrect for her condition and risks.
Choice F reason: Osteomalacia, caused by vitamin D deficiency, is less likely than osteopenia/osteoporosis given her risk factors. Age and postmenopausal status point to bone density issues, so this is incorrect for her primary disorder.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, where lung regions receive inadequate ventilation or perfusion, is the most common cause of hypoxemia. Conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary embolism disrupt this balance, reducing oxygen exchange, making this the primary cause in clinical settings.
Choice B reason: Hyperventilation with hypocapnia lowers carbon dioxide but does not typically cause hypoxemia, as oxygen levels are usually maintained or increased. It affects acid-base balance more than oxygenation, making this an incorrect primary cause of low oxygen levels.
Choice C reason: Reduced diffusion distance is not a cause but a facilitator of gas exchange. Impaired diffusion (e.g., pulmonary edema) can contribute to hypoxemia, but V/Q mismatch is more prevalent across conditions, making this less common as a primary cause.
Choice D reason: Shunting, where blood bypasses ventilated alveoli, causes hypoxemia but is less common than V/Q mismatch. It occurs in specific conditions like congenital heart defects or ARDS, but V/Q mismatch predominates in most respiratory disorders, making this incorrect.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.