Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?
Redness and heat
Fever and leukocytosis
Pain and edema
Formation of exudates
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Redness and heat are local inflammatory signs, occurring at the injury site due to vasodilation. Systemic manifestations, like fever and leukocytosis, affect the whole body, reflecting immune activation, so this is incorrect for systemic inflammation.
Choice B reason: Fever and leukocytosis are systemic manifestations of inflammation, involving the entire body. Fever results from cytokine release, and leukocytosis indicates increased white blood cells, both reflecting widespread immune response, making this the correct choice for systemic effects.
Choice C reason: Pain and edema are primarily local inflammatory responses, occurring at the site of injury or infection. Systemic effects, like fever and leukocytosis, involve broader physiological changes, so this is incorrect for systemic inflammation manifestations.
Choice D reason: Formation of exudates is a local inflammatory response, involving fluid leakage at the injury site. Systemic manifestations, such as fever and leukocytosis, affect the whole body, so this is incorrect for the systemic category of inflammation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Loss of short-term memory is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, as seen in the patient’s difficulty recalling recent events. This reflects early hippocampal damage, impairing new memory formation, making it a correct clinical manifestation for this diagnosis.
Choice B reason: Alzheimer’s disease is the most likely diagnosis, given progressive memory loss, word-finding difficulties, and an MMSE score of 20/30 in a 65-year-old. These symptoms align with Alzheimer’s neurodegenerative pattern, making this the correct diagnosis.
Choice C reason: Vascular dementia typically presents with stepwise cognitive decline and focal neurological signs, often with vascular risk factors. The patient’s gradual memory loss without such history better fits Alzheimer’s, making vascular dementia incorrect.
Choice D reason: Word-finding difficulties, as exhibited, are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, reflecting language cortex involvement. This progressive aphasia, common in early stages, impairs communication, making it a correct clinical manifestation for this patient.
Choice E reason: Disorientation to time and place, though not explicitly stated, is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, often emerging as memory declines. Given the patient’s MMSE score and symptoms, this is likely, making it a correct manifestation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aspirin inhibits TXA2 synthesis, reducing platelet adhesion and clotting. This is a true mechanism of aspirin’s antiplatelet effect, so it’s incorrect as the exception.
Choice B reason: Aspirin reduces prostaglandin production, which decreases platelet aggregation. This is a valid antiplatelet mechanism, so it’s incorrect for the action aspirin does not perform.
Choice C reason: Aspirin does not inhibit fibrinogen-to-fibrin conversion; this is part of the coagulation cascade, not platelet function. Aspirin targets platelets, making this the correct action it doesn’t perform.
Choice D reason: Aspirin inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, minimizing plug formation. This is a true antiplatelet effect, so it’s incorrect as the action aspirin does not do.
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