Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

Redness and heat

Fever and leukocytosis

Pain and edema

Formation of exudates

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Redness and heat are local inflammatory signs, occurring at the injury site due to vasodilation. Systemic manifestations, like fever and leukocytosis, affect the whole body, reflecting immune activation, so this is incorrect for systemic inflammation.

Choice B reason: Fever and leukocytosis are systemic manifestations of inflammation, involving the entire body. Fever results from cytokine release, and leukocytosis indicates increased white blood cells, both reflecting widespread immune response, making this the correct choice for systemic effects.

Choice C reason: Pain and edema are primarily local inflammatory responses, occurring at the site of injury or infection. Systemic effects, like fever and leukocytosis, involve broader physiological changes, so this is incorrect for systemic inflammation manifestations.

Choice D reason: Formation of exudates is a local inflammatory response, involving fluid leakage at the injury site. Systemic manifestations, such as fever and leukocytosis, affect the whole body, so this is incorrect for the systemic category of inflammation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: SIADH causes water retention, not loss, leading to sodium dilution from excess fluid. Sodium dilution and water retention are the effects, so sodium dilution with water loss is incorrect for SIADH’s solute impact.

Choice B reason: SIADH does not cause sodium retention or water loss; it retains water, diluting sodium. The correct effect is sodium dilution with water retention, so this is incorrect for the syndrome’s solute effects.

Choice C reason: SIADH results in water retention due to excess ADH, diluting serum sodium levels (hyponatremia). This sodium dilution and water retention are hallmark effects, making this the correct choice for the solute impact.

Choice D reason: SIADH causes water retention, not sodium retention, leading to diluted sodium. Sodium and water retention would increase sodium levels, which doesn’t occur, so this is incorrect for SIADH effects.

A. Weight loss B. Kussmaul respirations C. Increased serum glucose D. Fluid loss

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Weight loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to prolonged hyperglycemia and fluid loss. Kussmaul respirations are specific to DKA’s acidosis, so this is incorrect for DKA-only.

Choice B reason: Kussmaul respirations, rapid and deep breathing, are unique to DKA, compensating for metabolic acidosis from ketones. HHNS lacks significant acidosis, making this the correct DKA-specific manifestation.

Choice C reason: Increased serum glucose is common to both DKA and HHNS, as both involve severe hyperglycemia. Kussmaul respirations are DKA-specific, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Fluid loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to osmotic diuresis. Kussmaul respirations are exclusive to DKA’s acidotic state, so this is incorrect.

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Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion include which solute?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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