What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?
intrinsic factor
gastric lipase
pepsinogen
HCI
The Correct Answer is A
A. Intrinsic factor: Intrinsic factor, secreted by parietal cells, is essential for vitamin B₁₂ absorption in the ileum. Vitamin B₁₂ is needed for RBC production and hemoglobin synthesis.
B. Gastric lipase: Gastric lipase breaks down lipids, not involved in hemoglobin production.
C. Pepsinogen: Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin, which digests proteins-not related to RBC or hemoglobin synthesis.
D. HCl: Hydrochloric acid helps activate enzymes and digest food, but does not directly influence hemoglobin production.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. The gastrocolic reflex: Triggered by food entering the stomach, it stimulates mass movement in the colon.
B. The duodenocolic reflex: Triggered by chyme entering the duodenum, this reflex stimulates colon contractions.
C. Chyme filling the duodenum: This activates the duodenocolic reflex, promoting mass movement.
D. Chyme filling the stomach: This activates the gastrocolic reflex.
E. The colorectal reflex: This reflex is involved in the defecation process-it responds to rectal filling, not in initiating mass movement in the colon. It is not a trigger for mass movement.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Buffered hydrogen ions are excreted in urine: This process allows new bicarbonate ions to enter the plasma, helping correct acidosis.
B. Glutamine is metabolized by deamination, oxidation, and acidification: Glutamine metabolism in renal tubule cells generates ammonia and bicarbonate, contributing to acid-base balance.
C. Ammonium ions are excreted in urine: Excreting ammonium (NH₄⁺) removes H⁺ from the body and indirectly adds new bicarbonate to the plasma.
D. Bicarbonate ions are reclaimed by tubular reabsorption: This does not generate new bicarbonate-it simply prevents loss of existing bicarbonate, which is important but not a replenishing mechanism during depletion.
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