If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy?
calcium ion levels
anion levels
potassium ion levels
sodium ion levels
The Correct Answer is A
A. Calcium ion levels: The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood calcium levels. Removal without hormone replacement would lead to hypocalcemia.
B. Anion levels: Anion balance is not directly controlled by the thyroid or parathyroid glands.
C. Potassium ion levels: Potassium is mainly regulated by aldosterone and kidneys, not the thyroid or parathyroid.
D. Sodium ion levels: Sodium balance is also regulated by aldosterone, not parathyroid hormone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorus: These are micronutrients (minerals).
B. Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: Nucleic acids are not dietary macronutrients.
C. Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: Sodium and potassium are micronutrients.
D. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water: These are the true macronutrients, required in large amounts for energy and metabolic function.
E. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but not water: Water is an essential macronutrient, even though it doesn’t provide calories.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. The gastrocolic reflex: Triggered by food entering the stomach, it stimulates mass movement in the colon.
B. The duodenocolic reflex: Triggered by chyme entering the duodenum, this reflex stimulates colon contractions.
C. Chyme filling the duodenum: This activates the duodenocolic reflex, promoting mass movement.
D. Chyme filling the stomach: This activates the gastrocolic reflex.
E. The colorectal reflex: This reflex is involved in the defecation process-it responds to rectal filling, not in initiating mass movement in the colon. It is not a trigger for mass movement.
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