If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy?

calcium ion levels

anion levels

potassium ion levels

sodium ion levels

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Calcium ion levels: The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood calcium levels. Removal without hormone replacement would lead to hypocalcemia.
B. Anion levels: Anion balance is not directly controlled by the thyroid or parathyroid glands.
C. Potassium ion levels: Potassium is mainly regulated by aldosterone and kidneys, not the thyroid or parathyroid.
D. Sodium ion levels: Sodium balance is also regulated by aldosterone, not parathyroid hormone.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nitrogen: Nitrogen is a gas and a component of proteins and nucleic acids, but it does not function as a buffer system in the body.
B. Bicarbonate: The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid, regulating blood pH.
C. Phosphate: The phosphate buffer system operates mainly in the intracellular fluid and renal tubules.
D. Protein: Proteins, especially hemoglobin, act as buffers by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.

A. True B. False

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

True: When the ECF becomes hypertonic due to water loss (e.g., dehydration), water moves out of the cells into the ECF by osmosis, causing cellular shrinkage.

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If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Excessive loss of water from the extracellular fluid (ECF) leads to a rise in osmotic pressure in the ECF which causes cells to shrink as water leaves by osmosis.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

As shown in this diagram, increased blood osmolarity stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors. What happens next? (What goes in the yellow box?)

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n)

If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy?

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