If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation), which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
Urine output will decrease.
Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.
Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
Net filtration pressure will decrease.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Urine output will decrease: Vasodilation of efferent arterioles lowers glomerular pressure, leading to a lower GFR and reduced urine output.
B. Glomerular filtration rate will decrease: A wider efferent arteriole reduces resistance, decreasing the pressure inside the glomerulus, hence lowering GFR.
C. Systemic blood pressure will decrease: Local vasodilation of the efferent arteriole does not significantly affect systemic blood pressure. Systemic pressure is influenced more by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, not glomerular arteriole tone.
D. Net filtration pressure will decrease: Lower glomerular capillary pressure results in reduced net filtration pressure (NFP).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Aldosterone: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts to influence sodium reabsorption, but macula densa cells do not respond directly to it.
B. Changes in Na⁺ content of the filtrate: Macula densa cells, located in the distal tubule, monitor sodium concentration in the filtrate. Low Na⁺ levels signal the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin, activating the RAAS.
C. Antidiuretic hormone: ADH affects water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, not sensed by macula densa.
D. Changes in pressure in the tubule: Baroreceptor-like pressure sensing is not the role of macula densa-they respond to chemical (Na⁺) concentration.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. 2 ATP: This is the ATP yield from glycolysis (net gain), not fatty acid oxidation.
B. 18 ATP: Too low for a 16-carbon fatty acid-this number is far below the actual ATP yield from fatty acid metabolism.
C. 36 ATP: This is the approximate ATP yield from glucose oxidation, not a 16-carbon fatty acid.
D. 38 ATP: Also close to glucose metabolism; still too low.
E. 129 ATP: Beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid (e.g., palmitic acid) generates 129 ATP molecules, making it far more energy-dense than glucose.
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