If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation), which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
Urine output will decrease.
Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.
Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
Net filtration pressure will decrease.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Urine output will decrease: Vasodilation of efferent arterioles lowers glomerular pressure, leading to a lower GFR and reduced urine output.
B. Glomerular filtration rate will decrease: A wider efferent arteriole reduces resistance, decreasing the pressure inside the glomerulus, hence lowering GFR.
C. Systemic blood pressure will decrease: Local vasodilation of the efferent arteriole does not significantly affect systemic blood pressure. Systemic pressure is influenced more by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, not glomerular arteriole tone.
D. Net filtration pressure will decrease: Lower glomerular capillary pressure results in reduced net filtration pressure (NFP).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Nitrogen: Nitrogen is a gas and a component of proteins and nucleic acids, but it does not function as a buffer system in the body.
B. Bicarbonate: The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid, regulating blood pH.
C. Phosphate: The phosphate buffer system operates mainly in the intracellular fluid and renal tubules.
D. Protein: Proteins, especially hemoglobin, act as buffers by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cooling of the mouth: This causes temporary inhibition of thirst but does not last long-term.
B. Distension of the stomach by ingested water: Stomach distension contributes to short-term thirst relief.
C. A drop in blood osmolarity: This indicates proper hydration and is the main signal for the hypothalamus to turn off the thirst mechanism.
D. Moistening of the mouth: Like cooling, moistening the mouth only provides short-term relief from thirst.
E. Increased salivation: Increased salivation can be a result of hydration but does not directly regulate thirst.
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