Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney?
Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will increase blood plasma volumes.
Intrinsic controls raise blood pressure while extrinsic controls lower blood pressure.
Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways.
Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic controls have a greater effect on GFR.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will increase blood plasma volumes: This is too simplistic. Both can influence fluid volume, but their primary goals differ.
B. Intrinsic controls raise blood pressure while extrinsic controls lower blood pressure: Intrinsic controls maintain GFR, not blood pressure; extrinsic controls (like RAAS and sympathetic input) raise BP.
C. Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways: They serve different purposes rather than being true opposites.
D. Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic controls have a greater effect on GFR: Intrinsic (renal autoregulation) maintains a constant GFR; extrinsic controls (like sympathetic nervous system and RAAS) maintain systemic blood pressure, especially during stress or blood loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decreased urine volume: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, leading to less water in the urine and decreased urine output.
B. Decreased urine molarity: ADH leads to more concentrated (higher molarity) urine, not less.
C. Increased urine volume: ADH reduces urine volume, not increases it.
D. Increased urine salinity: ADH affects water, not salt. Salinity may change indirectly, but this is not a direct effect.
E. Increased urine acidity: Urine acidity is influenced by hydrogen ion excretion, not directly by ADH.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Body’s water volume is high: When well-hydrated, ADH secretion is low, resulting in dilute (hypotonic) urine as the kidneys excrete excess water.
B. Body’s pH is low: This would affect acid-base balance, not urine tonicity directly.
C. Output of antidiuretic hormone is high: High ADH increases water reabsorption, leading to concentrated (hypertonic) urine.
D. Output of natriuretic peptides is high: These promote Na⁺ and water loss, but hypotonic urine isn't guaranteed.
E. Person is lost and deprived of drinking water: In dehydration, ADH increases, and urine becomes concentrated, not hypotonic.
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