The bolus is liquefied in the

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and it is now called chyme.

A. Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will increase blood plasma volumes: This is too simplistic. Both can influence fluid volume, but their primary goals differ.
B. Intrinsic controls raise blood pressure while extrinsic controls lower blood pressure: Intrinsic controls maintain GFR, not blood pressure; extrinsic controls (like RAAS and sympathetic input) raise BP.
C. Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways: They serve different purposes rather than being true opposites.
D. Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic controls have a greater effect on GFR: Intrinsic (renal autoregulation) maintains a constant GFR; extrinsic controls (like sympathetic nervous system and RAAS) maintain systemic blood pressure, especially during stress or blood loss.

A. The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth: The oral phase is under voluntary control and involves tongue movement to push the bolus to the oropharynx.
B. The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea: This is incorrect. The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea by covering the glottis during swallowing; it does not propel food.
C. The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx: After the oral phase, swallowing becomes involuntary, involving reflexive contractions of pharyngeal muscles.
D. The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing: All three structures are involved in the three phases of deglutition: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.