What test provides fast, precise measurement of the bone mass of the spine, femur, forearm, and total body to evaluate osteoporosis?
Bone scan.
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
Densitogram.
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS).
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: A bone scan detects bone metabolism or abnormalities like tumors, not precise bone mass. DEXA is the gold standard for osteoporosis evaluation, measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Misidentifying bone scans risks inaccurate diagnosis, delaying osteoporosis treatment like bisphosphonates, increasing fracture risk in vulnerable populations like postmenopausal women.
Choice B reason: DEXA provides fast, precise bone mass measurement of the spine, femur, forearm, and total body, using low-dose x-rays to assess bone mineral density. It’s the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, guiding treatment with medications or lifestyle changes to prevent fractures, critical in older adults with reduced bone density.
Choice C reason: Densitogram is not a recognized medical term or test for osteoporosis. Bone density is measured by DEXA or, less commonly, QUS. Assuming densitogram exists misguides diagnosis, risking inappropriate testing or delayed intervention, leaving patients vulnerable to fractures from undiagnosed or untreated osteoporosis.
Choice D reason: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures bone density, typically at peripheral sites like the heel, but is less precise than DEXA for spine, femur, or total body. It’s used for screening, not primary diagnosis. Expecting QUS misaligns with osteoporosis evaluation standards, potentially underestimating fracture risk and delaying treatment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Alcohol, particularly beer and liquor, triggers gout attacks by increasing uric acid production and reducing renal excretion. Ethanol metabolism raises purine breakdown, elevating serum urate levels, while dehydration from alcohol exacerbates crystal formation in joints. Avoiding alcohol is a key dietary recommendation to prevent acute gout flares.
Choice B reason: Orange juice, rich in vitamin C, may lower uric acid levels by enhancing renal excretion. It is not a trigger for gout attacks and is generally safe. Fructose in some juices can increase uric acid, but orange juice’s effect is minimal, making this an incorrect choice.
Choice C reason: Milk and dairy products are low in purines and may reduce gout risk by promoting uric acid excretion. Calcium and casein in milk have uricosuric effects, making it a beneficial beverage. Milk does not trigger attacks, so this choice is incorrect for gout management.
Choice D reason: Coffee, containing caffeine and polyphenols, may lower uric acid levels and gout risk through antioxidant effects and increased urate excretion. It is not a trigger for attacks and is generally safe for gout patients, making this an incorrect choice for dietary restrictions.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: A swollen calf is more indicative of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), not fat emboli syndrome. DVT results from venous stasis or clotting post-fracture, causing localized swelling, unlike fat emboli, which primarily affect systemic circulation, lungs, and skin with petechiae, requiring distinct diagnostic and treatment approaches to prevent complications like pulmonary embolism.
Choice B reason: Fever can occur in fat emboli syndrome due to systemic inflammation but is nonspecific, as it’s common in infections or post-fracture inflammation. It’s not a hallmark sign compared to petechiae, which are more specific. Including fever risks misdiagnosis, as it lacks the specificity needed for accurate patient education on fat emboli manifestations.
Choice C reason: Petechiae on the chest are a classic sign of fat emboli syndrome, occurring in 50-60% of cases. Fat globules embolize to small cutaneous vessels, causing pinpoint hemorrhages. This specific finding, often with respiratory distress and neurological changes, aids early diagnosis, guiding urgent interventions like oxygenation to prevent life-threatening complications.
Choice D reason: Paresthesia distal to the fracture suggests local nerve compression or injury, not fat emboli syndrome. Fat emboli cause systemic symptoms like pulmonary and cerebral dysfunction, not localized sensory changes. Misattributing paresthesia to fat emboli could delay treatment for nerve-related issues, compromising patient recovery and accurate symptom management.
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